Injin Dambe: nau'ikan, na'urar da ka'idar aiki

A duk tarihin samar da mota, nau'ikan motoci da yawa sun bunkasa wadanda yakamata su tuka mota. A yau, yawancin masu sha'awar mota sun saba da nau'ikan motoci biyu kawai - injin wutar lantarki da na ciki.

Koyaya, daga cikin gyare-gyaren da ke aiki akan ƙonewar cakuda mai-iska, akwai nau'ikan da yawa. Suchaya daga cikin irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren ana kiran su injin dambe. Bari muyi la'akari da menene keɓaɓɓe, menene nau'ikan wannan tsarin, kuma menene fa'idodi da rashin fa'ida.

Menene injin dambe

Dayawa sunyi imanin cewa wannan nau'in zane ne mai siffa na V, amma tare da babban camber. A zahiri, wannan nau'ine daban na injin ƙonewa na ciki. Godiya ga wannan ƙirar, motar tana da ƙarami mafi tsayi.

A cikin sake dubawa, ana kiran irin waɗannan rukunin ƙarfin ɗan dambe. Wannan yana nuna fifikon ƙungiyar piston - da alama suna yin jaka daga jaka daga ɓangarori daban-daban (matsawa juna).

Injin damben farko mai aiki ya bayyana a cikin 1938. Injiniyoyi ne suka kirkireshi a VW. Ya kasance sigar 4-silinda mai nauyin lita 2. Matsakaicin da rukunin zai iya kaiwa shine 150 hp.

Saboda fasalin ta na musamman, ana amfani da motar a cikin tankuna, wasu motocin motsa jiki, babura da bas.

A zahiri, motar mai siffa ta V da ɗan dambe ba su da wani abu iri ɗaya. Sun bambanta da yadda suke aiki.

Ka'idar aikin injin dambe da tsarinta

A cikin injin ƙonewa na ciki, piston yana motsawa sama da ƙasa, yana isa TDC da BDC. Don cimma daidaitaccen juyawa, dole ne a harba piston a madadin tare da wani abin biya a lokacin bugun.

A cikin motar ɗan dambe, ana samun sassauci ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa a kowane lokaci piston biyu suna aiki iri ɗaya ko dai a ɓoye, ko kuma kusanci da juna.

Daga cikin ire-iren wadannan injina, wadanda suka fi yawa sune silinda hudu da shida, amma akwai kuma gyare-gyare na silinda 8 da 12 (nau'ikan wasanni)

Waɗannan injunan suna da hanyoyin sarrafa lokaci guda biyu, amma ana haɗa su ta bel guda ɗaya (ko sarkar, ya dogara da ƙirar). Masu dambe suna iya aiki duka akan man dizal da mai (ƙa'idar ƙonewa da cakuda ya bambanta daidai da yadda yake a injunan al'ada).

Babban nau'ikan injunan dambe

A yau, kamfanoni irin su Porsche, Subaru da BMW galibi suna amfani da irin wannan injin a cikin motocin su. Injiniyoyi sun haɓaka canje -canje da yawa:

• Dan Dambe;
• RASHIYA;
• 5TDF.

Kowane nau'ikan ya bayyana ne sakamakon ci gaba a cikin sifofin da suka gabata.

Dan dambe

Wani fasali na wannan gyare-gyaren shine tsakiyar wurin aikin crank. Wannan yana rarraba nauyin injin daidai, wanda ke rage vibration daga naúrar.

Don haɓaka ingancin irin wannan motar, masana'anta sun wadata ta da babban injin turbin. Wannan sinadarin yana kara karfin injin konewa na ciki da kashi 30% idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsa na yanayi.

Samfurori mafi inganci suna da silinda shida, amma kuma akwai nau'ikan wasanni tare da silinda 12. Gyara 6-silinda shine yafi kowa tsakanin irin injunan lebur.

RASHIYA

Wannan nau'ikan injin konewa na ciki yana cikin rukunin injina biyu-biyu. Wani fasali na wannan gyare-gyare aiki ne mai ɗan bambanci na ƙungiyar piston. Akwai pistons biyu a cikin silinda ɗaya.

Yayinda ɗayan ke yin bugun bugun ɗayan, ɗayan yana cire iskar gas ɗin da ke sharar iska kuma yana shigar da iska ta silinda. A cikin irin waɗannan injunan, babu kan silinda, kazalika da tsarin rarraba gas.

Godiya ga wannan ƙirar, Motors ɗin na wannan gyare-gyare sun kusan kusan rabin wuta fiye da makamantan injunan ƙone ciki na ciki. A cikin su, piston suna da karamin shanyewar jiki, wanda ke rage asaran wuta saboda gogayya, kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙungiyar ƙarfin.

Tunda tashar wutar lantarki tana da kusan ƙananan kashi 50%, ya fi sauƙi sau huɗu da canje-canje. Wannan ya sa motar ta ɗan yi sauƙi, wanda ke shafar tasirin aikin.

5TDF

Irin waɗannan injunan ana sanya su a cikin kayan aiki na musamman. Babban yankin aikace-aikacen shine masana'antar soja. An shigar dasu a cikin tankuna.

Waɗannan injunan konewa na ciki suna da ƙusoshin ƙira biyu da ke gefen kishiyar tsarin. An sanya piston guda biyu a cikin silinda ɗaya. Suna da ɗaki ɗaya na aiki wanda a ciki ake cakuda mai-mai.

Iska ya shiga cikin silinda saboda turbocharging, kamar yadda yake tare da OROC. Wadannan motar suna da saurin gudu, amma suna da karfi sosai. A 2000 rpm. naúrar tana samarwa har kusan 700 hp. Ofaya daga cikin raunin irin waɗannan gyare-gyare shine ƙarar girma (a wasu samfuran ya kai lita 13).

Abincin injin dambe

Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a cikin motar dambe sun inganta ƙarfinsu da amincinsu. Tsarin shimfidar wuta yana da fannoni da yawa masu kyau:

• Cibiyar nauyi tayi kasa da yadda take a motocinta, wanda hakan ke kara dorewar motar akan lankwasawa;
• Ingantaccen aiki da kuma kiyaye shi akan lokaci yana kara tazara tsakanin manyan abubuwan gyarawa har zuwa kilomita miliyan 1. nisan miloli (idan aka kwatanta da injina na al'ada). Amma masu mallakar sun bambanta, don haka albarkatun na iya zama ma fi girma;
• Tunda ƙungiyoyi masu jujjuyawar da ke faruwa a gefe ɗaya na injin konewa na ciki sun biya lodi ta hanyar tsari iri ɗaya daga ɓangaren da ke gabansa, hayaniya da motsin rai a cikinsu sun ragu zuwa mafi ƙaranci;
• Motar dambe koyaushe abar dogaro ce sosai;
• Game da tasiri kai tsaye yayin haɗari, ƙirar shimfiɗa ta shiga ƙarƙashin motar, wanda ke rage haɗarin mummunan rauni.

Fursunoni na injin dambe

Wannan ba kasafai ake samun ci gaba ba - duk motoci masu matsakaitan aji an sanye dasu da injuna masu tsaye tsaye. Saboda tsarinsu, sun fi tsada don kulawa.

Baya ga kulawa mai tsada, 'yan dambe suna da ƙarin fa'idodi kaɗan, amma yawancin waɗannan abubuwan suna da alaƙa:

• Saboda ƙirarta, madaidaiciyar mota na iya cinye ƙarin mai. Koyaya, dangane da abin da za'a gwama. Akwai injina masu layi-layi waɗanda ba su da ma'ana cewa zaɓi mafi ƙanƙanci amma mafi tsada shi ne mafi kyau a ɗauka;
• Matsalolin kulawa saboda ƙananan ƙwararrun masanan ne suka fahimci irin waɗannan injuna. Wasu suna jayayya cewa injin motar dambe ba shi da matukar wahala a kiyaye. A wasu lokuta, wannan gaskiya ne - dole ne a cire motar don maye gurbin toshewar walƙiya, da dai sauransu. Amma wannan ya dogara da samfurin;
• Tunda irin waɗannan ƙananan motocin ba su da yawa, to ana iya siyan kayayyakin masarufi a kan tsari, kuma farashin su zai fi na analogues na yau da kullun;
• Akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararru da tashoshin sabis waɗanda suke shirye don ɗaukar gyaran wannan rukunin.

Matsaloli a gyara da kiyaye injin dambe

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ɗayan rashin dacewar injin motoci shine wahalar gyara da kiyayewa. Koyaya, wannan bai shafi duk kishiyoyi ba. Difficultiesarin matsaloli tare da gyare-gyare na silinda shida. Game da analogs na 2 da 4 na silinda, matsalolin suna da alaƙa ne kawai da fasalin ƙira (kyandirori kan kasance a cikin wani wuri mai wahalar isa, galibi dole ne a cire dukkan motar don maye gurbin su).

Idan mai mota tare da injin dambe shine mai farawa, to a kowane hali, yakamata ku tuntubi cibiyar sabis don sabis. Tare da magudi ba daidai ba, zaka iya keta saitunan tsarin rarraba gas.

Wani fasalin kulawar irin wannan motar shine aikin tilas don yanke silinda, piston da bawul. Idan babu ajiyar carbon akan waɗannan abubuwan, ana iya haɓaka rayuwar sabis na injin ƙone ciki. Zai fi kyau ayi wannan aikin a lokacin bazara, don motar ta sami saukin aiki a lokacin sanyi.

Dangane da gyare-gyare masu tsanani, babbar illa ita ce tsada sosai ta "babban birni". Yana da girma sosai cewa ya fi sauƙi a sayi sabon (ko amfani, amma tare da wadatar wadatar rayuwa) mota fiye da gyara wanda ya gaza.

La'akari da abubuwanda aka lissafa na injin dambe, wadanda suka fuskanci zabi: shin ya dace da sayen mota da irin wannan injin ko kuma a'a, yanzu akwai karin bayani domin sanin abinda zasuyi sulhu akai. Kuma game da akasin haka, sulhuntawa kawai shine batun kudi.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Me yasa injin dambe yake da kyau? Irin wannan naúrar yana da ƙananan cibiyar nauyi (ƙara kwanciyar hankali ga na'ura), ƙarancin girgiza (pistons daidaita juna), kuma yana da babbar albarkatu mai aiki (miliyan).

Wanene Ke Amfani da Injin Dambe? A cikin samfuran zamani, Subaru da Porsche sun shigar da ɗan dambe. A cikin tsofaffin motoci, ana iya samun irin wannan injin a Citroen, Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet, Lancia, da dai sauransu.