Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau
Yanayin atomatik,  Kayan abin hawa,  Kayan lantarki na abin hawa

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

Jerin kayan aikin mota na zamani ya hada da adadi mai yawa na kayan aiki wadanda ke ba da kwarin gwiwa ga direba da fasinjoji, sannan kuma ya sa motar ta kasance cikin aminci a matakai daban-daban. Amma tsaurara ka'idojin muhalli, musamman na motocin dizal, yana tilasta wa masana'antun su samar da samfuransu da karin kayan aikin da ke samar da bangaren wutar lantarki da mafi kyawun sharar.

Daga cikin irin waɗannan kayan aikin akwai tsarin allurar urea. Mun riga munyi magana game da shi daki-daki. a cikin wani bita... Yanzu za mu mayar da hankali kan firikwensin, ba tare da abin da tsarin ba zai yi aiki ba, ko zai yi aiki tare da kurakurai. Bari muyi la'akari da dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar na'urar firikwensin NOx ba kawai a cikin dizal ba, har ma a cikin motar mai, yadda yake aiki, da kuma yadda za a ƙayyade matsalarta.

Menene firikwensin Motsi na Nitric?

Wani suna don nitrogen oxide firikwensin shine durƙusaccen siririn cakuda. Mai sha'awar mota bazai ma san cewa motarsa ​​za a iya wadata ta da irin waɗannan kayan ba. Abinda kawai zai iya nuna kasancewar wannan na'urar firikwensin shine siginar da ta dace akan dashboard (Injin Bincike).

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

An shigar da wannan na'urar kusa da kara kuzari. Dogaro da gyare-gyaren tashar wutar lantarki, akwai irin waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Isayan an shigar da su daga saman mai nazari kuma ɗayan yana zuwa ƙasa. Misali, tsarin AdBlue galibi yana aiki tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin biyu kawai. Wannan ya zama dole domin shaye-shaye su sami mafi ƙarancin abun cikin nitrogen oxide. Idan tsarin ya lalace, abin hawa bazai haɗu da ƙa'idodin muhalli da masana'antun suka bayyana ba.

Yawancin injunan mai tare da rarraba allurar mai (wasu kwaskwarima na tsarin mai ana bayyana su a cikin wani bita) sami wani firikwensin da ke rikodin adadin oxygen a cikin sharar. Godiya ga binciken lambda, sashin sarrafawa yana daidaita cakudadden mai-mai dangane da lodin da ke kan naúrar wutar. Kara karantawa game da manufa da ka'idar aikin firikwensin da aka karanta a nan.

Dalilin na'urar

A baya, kawai rukunin dizal an sanye shi da allura kai tsaye, amma don motar zamani tare da injin mai, irin wannan tsarin mai ba abin mamaki bane. Wannan gyaran allurar yana ba da damar gabatar da wasu sabbin abubuwa a cikin injin din. Misali na wannan shine tsarin don rufe silinda masu yawa a mafi ƙarancin lodi. Irin waɗannan fasahohin ba wai kawai suna ba da damar samar da matsakaicin tattalin arzikin mai ba ne, amma kuma don cire mafi ingancin aiki daga tashar wutar lantarki.

Lokacin da injiniya mai irin wannan tsarin allurar mai ke aiki a mafi karancin nauyi, sarrafa wutar lantarki yana samar da gauraya mara kyau (mafi ƙarancin iskar oxygen). Amma yayin konewar irin wannan VTS, shaye-shayen yana dauke da dumbin iska mai guba, gami da nitrogen oxide da carbon oxide. Dangane da mahaɗan carbon, masu haɓaka suna lalata su (game da yadda yake aiki da yadda ake tantance laifofinsa, karanta daban). Koyaya, mahaɗan nitrogenous sunfi wahalar warwarewa.

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

Matsalar babban abun ciki na abubuwa masu guba an warware ta wani bangare ta hanyar sanya wani karin mai kara kuzari, wanda yake na nau'in adanawa (an kama sinadarin nitrogen a ciki). Irin waɗannan kwantena suna da iyakance damar ajiya kuma dole ne a yi rikodin abun ciki na NO don kiyaye iskar gas mai tsafta kamar yadda ya kamata. Wannan aikin kawai don firikwensin sunan ɗaya.

A zahiri, wannan binciken lambda ɗaya ne, kawai ana girka shi bayan haɓakar adanawa a cikin batun rukunin mai. Tsarin shaye-shaye na motar dizal yana da raunin mai sauyawa kuma an girke na'urar aunawa a bayanta. Idan firikwensin farko ya gyara abubuwan BTC, to na biyun yana shafar abubuwan iskar gas. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna sigina an haɗa su a cikin tsarin daidaita tilas na zaɓin tsarin rage kayyadewa.

Lokacin da firikwensin NOx ya gano ƙara yawan abubuwan haɗin mahaɗan nitrogen, na'urar zata aika sigina zuwa ƙungiyar sarrafawa. An kunna madaidaicin algorithm a cikin microprocessor, kuma ana aika umarnin da suka dace ga masu aiwatar da tsarin mai, tare da taimakon wanda aka gyara wadatar haɓakar iskar-iska.

Game da injin dizal, siginar da ta dace daga firikwensin ya tafi zuwa kula da tsarin allurar urea. A sakamakon haka, ana fesa wani sinadari a cikin magudanar sharar don kawar da iskar gas mai guba. Injin mai kawai yana canza abubuwan MTC.

Na'urar haska bayanai ta NOx

Na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke gano mahaɗan mai guba a cikin iska mai ƙamshi abubuwa ne masu amfani da lantarki. Tsarin su ya haɗa da:

  • Gidan wuta;
  • Chamberakin famfo;
  • Ɗakin aunawa

A wasu gyare-gyare, ana amfani da na'urori tare da ƙarin, na uku, kamara. Aikin na'urar kamar haka. Iskar gas da ke sharar iska ta bar sashin wutar kuma ta bi ta cikin mai canzawa zuwa bincike na lambda na biyu. Ana kawo mata wani abu na yanzu, kuma abun dumama yana kawo zafin yanayin muhallin zuwa digiri 650 ko sama da haka.

A qarqashin waxannan sharuxxan, abun cikin O2 yana raguwa sakamakon tasirin famfunan da yake amfani da wutan lantarki. Shiga cikin ɗakin na biyu, mahaɗan nitrogen sun bazu cikin abubuwa masu haɗari masu haɗari (oxygen da nitrogen). Mafi girman abun cikin oxide, da ƙarfin famfo mai gudana zai kasance.

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

Kyamara ta uku, wacce ke cikin wasu sauye-sauyen firikwensin, tana daidaita ƙimar sauran ƙwayoyin biyu. Don kawar da abubuwa masu guba, ban da kamuwa da yanayin zafin jiki na yanzu da zafi, ana yin wutan lantarki da karafa masu daraja, wanda kuma ana iya samun sa a cikin mai kara kuzarin.

Duk wani firikwensin NOx yana da aƙalla ƙananan fanfunan biyu. Na farko yana ɗaukar iskar oxygen mai yawa a cikin shaye shaye, na biyun kuma yana ɗaukar rarar sarrafa iskar gas don ƙayyade adadin iskar oxygen a cikin kwararar (ya bayyana a lokacin bazuwar nitrogen oxide). Hakanan, an auna mitan ɗin tare da naurar sarrafa kansa. Aikin wannan ɓangaren shine ɗaukar siginar firikwensin, ƙara su da kuma watsa waɗannan motsin zuciyar zuwa sashin kulawa na tsakiya.

Aikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin na NOx don injin dizal da kuma naúrar mai daban. A yanayi na farko, na'urar zata tantance yadda mai kara kuzari yake aiki. Idan wannan ɓangaren tsarin shaye-shayen ya daina jimre wa aikinsa, firikwensin zai fara yin rajistar abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwa masu guba a cikin rafin iskar gas. Ana aika sigina mai dacewa zuwa ECU, kuma alamar injiniya ko rubutun Injin Bincike yana haskakawa akan allon sarrafawa.

Tunda makamancin saƙo ya bayyana idan akwai wasu matsaloli na ɓangaren wutar, to kafin ƙoƙarin gyara wani abu, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da bincike na kwamfuta a cibiyar sabis. A wasu motocin, ana iya kiran aikin tantancewar kai (yadda ake yin wannan, duba daban) don gano lambar kuskure. Wannan bayanin ba karamin taimako bane ga matsakaita mai mota. Idan akwai jerin sunayen zayyanawa, a cikin wasu samfurin motoci naúrar kulawar tana ba da lambar daidai, amma a mafi yawan motoci ana ba da cikakken bayani ne game da aiki mara kyau a allon kwamfutar da ke ciki. Saboda wannan, idan babu gogewa a cikin yin irin waɗannan hanyoyin binciken, to ya kamata a yi gyare-gyare kawai bayan ziyartar tashar sabis.

Dangane da injunan mai, firikwensin kuma yana aika bugun jini zuwa sashin sarrafawa, amma yanzu ECU tana aika umarni ga masu aiki don su gyara haɓaka BTC. Mai canzawa mai saurin shi kaɗai ba zai iya kawar da mahaɗan nitrogenous ba. Saboda wannan dalili, injin din zai iya fitar da iskar gas mai tsafta ne kawai idan an canza yanayin shigar da mai domin ya kone sosai.

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

Mai haɓaka zai iya jimre da ƙananan ƙwayoyi masu guba, amma da zaran abubuwan da suke ciki suka ƙaru, firikwensin zai fara ƙone haɓakar iskar mai sosai don wannan ɓangaren tsarin shaye shaye ya iya “murmurewa” kaɗan.

Wani batun daban game da wannan firikwensin shine wayoyin sa. Tunda yana da hadadden na'uran, wayoyin nasa sun haɗa da manyan wayoyi. A cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin zamani, wayoyin na iya ƙunsar igiyoyi shida. Kowannensu yana da alamun sa (Launin insulating yana da launi a cikin kalar sa), saboda haka, yayin haɗa na'urar, ya zama dole a kiyaye abin da yake motsawa don firikwensin yayi aiki daidai.

Ga makasudin kowane ɗayan waɗannan wayoyi:

  • Rawaya - debe don hita;
  • Blue - tabbatacce don hita;
  • Fari - wajan siginar sigina na yanzu (LP I +);
  • Green - kebul na siginar sigina na yanzu (LP II +);
  • Grey - kebul na sigina na ma'aunin ma'auni (VS +);
  • Black shine kebul mai haɗawa tsakanin kyamarori.

Wasu nau'ikan suna da kebul na lemu a cikin wayoyi. Galibi ana samun hakan a cikin yanayin firikwensin yanayin motocin Amurka. Wannan bayanin ya fi buƙata ga ma'aikatan tashar sabis, kuma ga mai motoci na yau da kullun ya isa ya san cewa wayoyin ba su lalace ba kuma kwakwalwan hulɗar suna da alaƙa da abokan hulɗar ƙungiyar sarrafawa.

Rashin aiki da sakamakonsa

Aikin firikwensin nitric oxide ba wai kawai yana samar da iska mai gurɓataccen yanayi ba ne, amma har zuwa wani lokaci yana rage wadatar zafin ƙarfin ƙungiyar. Wannan na'urar tana baka damar daidaita aikin sarrafa injin na ciki a ƙananan lodi. Godiya ga wannan, injin din zaiyi amfani da mafi karancin mai, amma a lokaci guda cakuda-mai na iska zai ƙone sosai kamar yadda ya kamata.

Idan firikwensin ya gaza, to zai watsa sigina da sannu a hankali ko wannan bugun garamin zai zama mai rauni sosai, har ma a hanyar fita daga na'urar sarrafa na'urar. Lokacin da ECU bata yi rajistar sigina daga wannan firikwensin ba ko kuma wannan tasirin yayi rauni sosai, lantarki yakan shiga yanayin gaggawa. Dangane da firmware na masana'anta, ana kunna algorithm, daidai da wanda aka samar da ƙarin wadataccen cakuda ga silinda. Ana ɗaukar irin wannan shawarar lokacin da firikwensin ƙwanƙwasawa ya gaza, wanda muka yi magana a kansa. a cikin wani bita.

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

A cikin yanayin gaggawa, ba shi yiwuwa a cimma matsakaicin ƙarfin motar. A lokuta da yawa, ana lura da ƙaruwar amfani da mai a cikin kewayon kashi 15-20, har ma fiye da haka a cikin yanayin birane.

Idan firikwensin ya karye, to, mai haɓaka ajiya yana farawa aiki ba daidai ba saboda gaskiyar cewa sake zagayowar dawowa ya karye. Idan an gwada motar don bin ka'idodin muhalli, to maye gurbin wannan firikwensin ya zama tilas, tunda saboda aikin da bai dace ba na tsarin tsakaitawa, ana fitar da adadin abubuwa masu guba masu yawa a cikin yanayin, kuma motar ba za ta wuce sarrafawa.

Game da ganewar asali, ba koyaushe bane zai yiwu a gane rushewar firikwensin ci gaba ta takamaiman lambar kuskure. Idan kun mai da hankali kawai akan wannan sigar, to lallai ne ku canza duk binciken. Arin tabbataccen ƙaddarar matsalar aiki mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cibiyar sabis ta amfani da bincike na kwamfuta. Don wannan, ana amfani da oscilloscope (an bayyana shi a nan).

Zabar sabon firikwensin

A kasuwar kayan motoci, galibi zaku iya samun kayan haɗin kasafin kuɗi. Koyaya, game da na'urori masu auna sigina na nitrogen, ba za a iya yin hakan ba - ana siyar da kayan asali a cikin shaguna. Dalilin haka kuwa shine, na’urar tana amfani da abubuwa masu tsada wadanda suke samar da wani sinadari. Kudin masu auna firikwensin ba zai bambanta da farashi na asali ba.

Koyaya, wannan baya hana masana'antun marasa gaskiya ƙoƙari su ƙirƙira koda kayan aiki masu tsada (farashin firikwensin na iya zama daidai da sauran sassan motar, misali, allon jiki ko gilashin gilashi a cikin wasu ƙirar mota).

Motocin nitric oxide na firikwensin: manufa, na'urar, aiki mara kyau

A waje, na karya ba shi da bambanci da na asali. Koda alamun samfuran na iya dacewa. Abinda kawai zai taimaka wajan gano karya shine rashin ingancin kebul na katsewa da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Kwamitin da aka sanya rukunin sarrafawa da gungun masu tuntuɓar zai kasance mafi ƙarancin inganci. A wannan ɓangaren, maƙaryacin ba shi da raunin zafin jiki, danshi da ruɗarwa.

Zai fi kyau sayan kaya daga sanannun masana'antun, misali, Denso da NTK (masana'antun Japan), Bosch (samfuran Jamusanci). Idan za'ayi za'ayi gwargwadon kundin lantarki, to yana da kyau ayi hakan ta hanyar VIN-code. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauki don nemo na'urar asali. Hakanan zaka iya bincika samfuran ta lambar firikwensin, amma a mafi yawan lokuta wannan bayanin ba'a san shi ga mai matsakaicin mota ba.

Idan ba zai yiwu a samo kayan masana'antun da aka lissafa ba, ya kamata ku kula da marufin. Yana iya nuna cewa mai siye yana da kayan OEM waɗanda kamfanin marufi ya sayar. Sau da yawa marufi zai ƙunshi kayan masana'antun da aka lissafa.

Yawancin masu motoci suna tambaya: me yasa wannan firikwensin yake da tsada? Dalilin shi ne cewa ana amfani da ƙarafa masu daraja a cikin masana'antar, kuma aikinta yana da alaƙa da ƙimar daidaito mai girma da kuma babbar hanyar aiki.

ƙarshe

Don haka, sinadarin nitrogen oxide yana daya daga cikin na'urorin lantarki da yawa wadanda ba tare da babu motar zamani da ke aiki ba. Idan irin wannan kayan aikin sun gaza, mai motar zai kashe kudi sosai. Ba duk tashoshin sabis zasu iya gano aikinsa daidai ba.

Duk da tsadar bincike, mawuyacin kayan aiki da kuma wayo na aiki, na'urar firikwensin NOx tana da doguwar hanya. A saboda wannan dalili, masu motoci ba safai suke fuskantar buƙatar maye gurbin wannan kayan aikin ba. Amma idan firikwensin ya karye, to kuna buƙatar nemo shi tsakanin samfuran asali.

Bugu da ƙari, muna ba da ɗan gajeren bidiyo game da aikin firikwensin da aka tattauna a sama:

22/34: Binciko kan tsarin sarrafa injin mai. NOX firikwensin Ka'idar.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene firikwensin NOx ke yi? Wannan firikwensin yana gano nitrogen oxides a cikin iskar gas ɗin abin hawa. An sanya shi a kan duk motocin zamani don jigilar kayayyaki ta dace da yanayin muhalli.

Ina na'urar firikwensin NOx yake? An shigar da shi kusa da mai kara kuzari don na'urar sarrafawa ta iya daidaita aikin injin don mafi kyawun konewar man fetur da neutralization na abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin shaye.

Me yasa NOx ke da haɗari? Shakar wannan iskar na da illa ga lafiyar dan Adam. Matsakaicin abun da ke sama da 60 ppm yana haifar da jin zafi a cikin huhu. Ƙananan haɗuwa yana haifar da ciwon kai, matsalolin huhu. M a babban taro.

Menene NOX? Wannan shine sunan gama-garin na nitrogen oxides (NO da NO2), wanda ke bayyana sakamakon wani sinadari mai hade da konewa. Ana yin NO2 akan hulɗa da iska mai sanyi.

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