Menene biodiesel na motoci
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Menene biodiesel na motoci

Amfani da motoci na daga cikin manyan dalilan da suka sa gurbacewar muhalli da kuma arzikin duniya. Ko da tare da ƙaruwar samar da motocin lantarki, halin da ake ciki bai inganta ba tukuna. Matsalar ita ce, ko da a lokacin da aka kera motar lantarki, ko kuma ta zama daidai, game da batirinta, adadi mai yawa na cutarwa ya shiga sararin samaniya.

Rage gurbatar yanayi na gidanmu shine babban aikin masana kimiyya. Yana ƙarfafa su don haɓaka wasu makamashin mai, waɗanda halayensu za su biya buƙatun ƙwararren mai motar, amma a lokaci guda rage cin albarkatun ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, an haɓaka nau'ikan man fetur na musamman na motoci - biodiesel.

Menene biodiesel na motoci

Shin da gaske zai iya maye gurbin zaɓin dizal na al'ada? Bari mu gwada gano shi.

Menene biodiesel?

A takaice, wannan wani sinadari ne wanda ya samu sakamakon tasirin sinadarai tsakanin wasu kayan lambu da kitse na dabbobi. Yayin aikin samarwa, kamfanoni masu haɓaka irin wannan mai suna karɓar samfurin methyl. Saboda kaddarorinta masu saurin kamawa, ana iya amfani da ether a matsayin madadin mai na dizal.

Tunda duka zaɓuɓɓukan suna da sigogi iri ɗaya na ƙonewa, ana iya amfani da man ƙona mai don amfani da injin dizal na al'ada. Tabbas, a wannan yanayin, yawancin sigogi na sashin zasu rage. Mota mai ƙarancin mai ba ta da ƙarfi, amma a ɗaya hannun, ba kowane direba ne ke shiga cikin jerin gwanon ba. Wannan ya isa ga motsawar da aka auna, kuma raguwar ingancin naúrar wutar da kashi 5-8 ba a cika lura da ita ba tare da nutsuwa ba.

Menene biodiesel na motoci
Ford Focus Flexi Fuel Vehicle - Motar Bioethanol ta Farko ta Biritaniya. (Birtaniya) (03/22/2006)

Samar da wasu makamashin mai na kasashe da yawa yafi fa'ida ta fuskar tattalin arziki fiye da hakar ko sayan kayan mai.

Yaya ake yin biodiesel?

Don samun irin wannan man, kasar na iya amfani da fyade, waken soya, gyada, sunflower da sauran albarkatun mai. Yana da sauƙi mutane da yawa su fahimci halin da ake ciki lokacin da aka ɗauki mai don samar da biodiesel ba daga waɗancan amfanin gona da za a iya amfani da shi ba na abinci, amma daga wasu tsire-tsire. Saboda wannan dalili, galibi kuna iya ganin manyan gonaki da aka dasa tare da fyade.

Tsarin kansa, wanda ke ba da izinin samar da mai, yana da rikitarwa sosai, kuma gogaggen masu ilimin kimiya ne ke aiwatar dashi. Na farko, ana samun mai daga amfanin gona. Bayan haka ana amfani dashi tare da giyar monohydric (yawanci methanol) don aikin sinadarai tare da sa hannun wani abu mai haɗari. Ana kunna aikin ta hanyar dumama albarkatun kasa zuwa digiri Celsius hamsin.

Menene biodiesel na motoci

A sakamakon haka, ana samun sashin aiki - methyl ether da glycerin. Purangaren farko an tsarkake shi daga ƙazantar methanol. Ba tare da tsabtace samfurin ba, ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin injina ba, tunda ƙone shi zai haifar da coking da ba makawa ga dukkan ɓangarorin da ke cikin aikin injin ƙonewa na ciki.

Don samun tsarkakakken man gas wanda ya dace da sanya mai mota, ana tsarkake shi ta hanyar karkatar da ruwa da ruwa. Har ila yau, ba a yarda da abin da ke cikin ruwa a cikin abu ba, saboda yana inganta bayyanar kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwa. Saboda wannan dalili, sakamakon tsarkakakken methyl ether ya bushe.

Hecta daya na ƙasar da aka yi wa fyaɗe tana samar da tan na mai. Yawancin samfurin ana samunsu daga dabino (idan muka ɗauki amfanin gona na ƙasa) - za a iya samun mai har zuwa lita dubu 6 daga shuka mai kadada ɗaya. Koyaya, ana iya siyan wannan man don sandunan zinare kawai, don haka fyaɗe shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.

Menene biodiesel na motoci

Don rage mummunan tasirin da ake samu game da noman shukoki a filayen da suka dace da alkama da sauran albarkatu, wasu ƙasashe suna shuka gonakin da ake kira "watsi". Tunda fyaɗe shukar tsire-tsire ne, ana iya yin shi a inda sauran albarkatu ba za su samu saiwa ba ko kuma a wuraren da ke da ƙananan tsiro.

A waɗanne ƙasashe ne ake amfani da man gas?

Ci gaban fasahar mai mai tsafta bai tsaya ba, kuma kusan kowace ƙasa ta Turai tana cikin wannan. Koyaya, Amurka ce kan gaba a wannan batun. Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da duniya ke samarwa, rabon wannan ƙasar kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari. Brazil ce a matsayi na biyu a duk masana'antun duniya - kaso 22,5.

Mai zuwa sai Jamus - 4,8%, sai Argentina - 3,8%, sai Faransa - 3%. A karshen shekarar 2010, yawan amfani da biodiesel da wasu nau'ikan gas sun kai dala biliyan 56,4. Shekaru biyu kawai bayan haka, shaharar wannan man ya karu, kuma yawan cin duniya ya kai fiye da dala biliyan 95. Kuma wannan ya kasance bisa ga bayanai na 2010.

Kuma ga wasu ƙididdiga na 2018:

Menene biodiesel na motoci

Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ta sanya wa masana’antu manufa don kara amfani da wani sabon mai na motoci. Bar ɗin da dole ne kamfanoni suyi nasara shine aƙalla kashi 10 cikin XNUMX na dukkan motoci dole ne suyi aiki da mai.

Amfanin biodiesel

Menene biodiesel na motoci

Dalilin biodiesel yana samun kulawa sosai shine saboda konewarsa da yanayi. Baya ga wannan lamarin, man fetur yana da ƙarin tabbatattun abubuwa:

  • Injin dizal baya shan taba sosai yayin aiki;
  • Shaye shaye ya ƙunshi ƙasa da CO2;
  • Ya ƙaru da kayan shafawa;
  • Saboda asalin ta, tana da kamshi daban da na kayan mai;
  • Ba mai guba ba ne, amma idan ya shiga cikin ƙasa, alamunsa gaba ɗaya za su ɓace bayan kwana 20;
  • Ana iya shirya samar da mai na ɗanyen mai a ƙaramar gona.

Rashin dacewar biodiesel

Menene biodiesel na motoci

Yayinda biodiesel ke da alkawarin, wannan nau'ikan kayan konewa suna da wasu matsaloli, shi yasa yawancin masu motoci basa shakkar canzawa zuwa gare shi:

  • Saukad da ingancin rukunin wutar da kusan kashi 8;
  • Tasirinta yana raguwa da farkon sanyi;
  • Tushen ma'adinai yana da mummunan tasiri akan sassan karfe;
  • Kyakkyawan laka ya bayyana (lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sanyi), wanda ke saurin sauya filtashi ko allurar mai amfani da shi;
  • A lokacin shan mai, kuna buƙatar yin hankali, saboda man fetur da sauri yana lalata aikin fenti. Idan digo ya shiga, dole ne a cire ragowar su a hankali;
  • Tunda kayan halitta sun bazu, yana da gajeren rayuwa (bai fi wata uku ba).

Kalli kuma gajeren bidiyo akan yadda ake ƙirƙirar man shuke-shuke:

Kirkirar biofuel. Kimiyyar kimiyya # 18

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene biofuels ga motoci? Samfuri ne da ake samu ta hanyar haxa dehydrated bioethanol (kashi 30-40) da fetur (kashi 60-70) da abubuwan da ke hana lalatawa.

Menene rashin amfanin biofuels? Haɓakawa mai tsada (ana buƙatar babban yanki don shuka albarkatun ƙasa), saurin raguwar ƙasa wanda amfanin gona mai mahimmanci zai iya girma, tsadar kuzari don samar da bioethanol.

Za a iya ƙara biofuels? Yawancin masana'antun mota kawai suna ba da izinin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta tare da abun ciki na barasa 5%. Wannan abun ciki na barasa, bisa ga kwarewar ayyuka da yawa, ba ya cutar da motar.

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