Menene hydrometer? Yadda yake aiki kuma menene don shi
Abubuwa
Yayin gyaran motar, lokaci-lokaci ya zama dole auna nauyin lantarki da maganin daskarewa. A gani, ba za a iya tantance wannan ma'aunin ba. Don irin waɗannan dalilai, akwai hydrometer.
Ta yaya wannan na'urar take aiki, yaya yake aiki, waɗanne nau'ikan suke kuma a ina ake amfani da su? Amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin zasu taimaka wa masu motoci masu amfani da lantarki a madaidaici.
Menene hydrometer?
Yawan ruwa shine ƙaddamar da ƙarin abu a cikin babban matsakaici. Ilimin wannan ma'aunin yana taimakawa wajen tantance wane lokaci ne ruwan fasaha yake buƙatar maye gurbinsa ko ya ba da damar gano idan ana bin fasahar masana'antu a cikin samarwa.
Masu motoci suna amfani da na'urar sanya wutar lantarki don auna ingancin wutan lantarki da kuma daskarewa. Contentarancin abun ciki na ƙarin abubuwa a cikin babban mahalli na iya haifar da daskarewa na ruwa a cikin sanyi ko raguwar matakinsa saboda saurin danshin ruwa a lokacin zafi.
Game da batir, wannan zai haifar da wahalar fara injin, rage rayuwar sabis, ko lalacewar faranti na gubar. Sanyin sanyi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi na iya tafasa a ƙananan zafin jiki.
Don hana faruwar matsaloli, ya zama dole a auna waɗannan ruwan a cikin lokaci ta amfani da hydrometer - gilashin shawagi da sikeli. Abu ne mai sauqi ka yi amfani da shi, amma akwai wasu abubuwan da za a yi la’akari da su.
Yadda yake aiki
A cewar tatsuniya, tsoho masanin kimiyyar Girka Archimedes ya fada cikin bahon wanka mai ambaliya, wanda ya sa ruwan ya cika. Wannan yanayin ya sa shi tunanin cewa a daidai wannan hanya ce mai yuwuwa don auna girman zinare wanda daga shi ne aka sami rawanin Tsar Heron II (wanda aka kirkira shi ne ya tantance ko zinariya mai kyau ce).
Duk wani hydrometer yana aiki bisa ka'idar ƙaura da Archimedes ya gano. Dangane da dokar hydrostatic, lokacin da abu ya dulmuye cikin ruwa, wani ƙarfi mai ƙarfi zai yi aiki a kai. Darajarta daidai take da nauyin ruwan da aka raba da matsuguni. Tunda abun da ke cikin ruwan ya bambanta, to ƙarfin buoyancy zai zama daban.
An sanya murfin da aka rufe a cikin babban akwati tare da ruwa. Tunda an daidaita nauyin a ƙasan na'urar, flask ɗin baya juyewa, amma yana tsaye.
Game da aune-aunen gida, kamar yadda yake ƙayyade ƙarancin daskarewa ko wutan lantarki, ana amfani da hydrometers tare da wani tafki wanda ake sanya abin hawa. A lokacin buri, ruwan ya cika babban kwalbar zuwa wani matakin. Mafi zurfin kwalba na biyu yana tafiya, ƙananan ƙimar ruwan. Don sanin ƙimar yanayin da aka gwada, kuna buƙatar jira har sai “shawagi” ya huce.
Na'urar Na'ura
Tunda abubuwa masu ruwa suna da nauyin kansu, ana sanya ma'aunin hydrometers kowane ɗayansu daban. Idan ana amfani da na'urar don wasu dalilai, aikinta ba za a iya ɗaukar shi daidai ba.
Baya ga nauyin nauyi, an daidaita shi don ruwan da ya dace, na'urar na iya samun sikeli iri uku:
- Don ƙayyade yawancin abu;
- Don auna yawan ƙazantar da ke cikin muhalli;
- Don ƙayyade yawan ƙarin abin da aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwa (ko wani tushe), alal misali, adadin sulfuric acid da ke cikin distillate don shirya wutan lantarki.
A waje, duk hydrometers suna kama da juna kuma suna aiki bisa ƙa'ida ɗaya, duk da haka, kowannensu yana da ma'aunin yanayi da yanayin takamaiman saiti.
Ana amfani da irin waɗannan na'urori don auna alamomi:
- Kashi na yawan giya;
- Centididdigar sukari ko gishiri;
- Yawaitar maganin acid;
- Fat abun ciki na madara;
- Ingancin kayan mai.
Kowane gyare-gyare na hydrometer yana da suna daidai.
Miyar giya
Yana ba ka damar auna ƙarfin abin sha. A wannan yanayin, sikelinsa zai nuna yawan giya a cikin abin sha. Ya kamata a lura cewa irin waɗannan na'urori ba na duniya bane, amma ana daidaita su don wasu nau'ikan abubuwan sha.
Misali, don auna vodka, giya da sauran ruhohi, ana amfani da hydrometers, wanda kammala karatunsa yana tsakanin digiri 40. Game da ruwan inabi da sauran abubuwan sha masu ƙarancin barasa, ana amfani da madaidaitan madafun wuta.
Hydrometer don kayayyakin man fetur
An tsara wannan rukunin na'urorin don auna ingancin mai, kananzir, man dizal da sauran kayan mai. Na'urar tana ba ka damar ƙayyade kasancewar ƙazantar da ke rage ingancin mai.
Ana amfani da su ba kawai a cikin tsire-tsire na masana'antu ba. Hakanan mai mota na yau da kullun yana iya siyan irin wannan na'urar don sauƙaƙa sanin wane gidan mai ya cancanci ƙara mai a motarsa.
Scharomometer
Ana amfani da Refractometers a masana'antar abinci, galibi a cikin samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Na'urar tana baka damar duba 'ya'yan itacen. Yana auna yawan sukari a cikin matsakaicin gwaji.
Motocin lantarki
Masu motoci suna amfani da hydrometers don auna nauyin antifreeze da lantarki. Kadan da aka saba amfani dashi don auna ruwan birki da mai. Game da misalai don gwajin abubuwan sha mai guba, an ɗan inganta na'urar.
Kari akan haka, yana da babban flask mara nauyi, a ciki wanda yake gilashin shawagi na gilashi tare da sikeli mai dacewa. A gefe guda, irin wannan na’urar na kunkuntar (ko kuma ta hancin roba kamar bututun roba), a dayan kuma, ana sanya kwan fitila a ciki don ɗaukar wani ɓangare na wutan lantarki.
Wannan ƙirar ita ce mafi aminci, tunda haɗuwa da abubuwa masu guba na acid da abubuwa masu guba tare da fata ba a ke so. Mafi yawan samfura na motoci na duniya ne kuma ana amfani dasu don auna nauyin ruwa daban.
Tunda ana nitsar da jirgin a cikin matsakaiciyar matsakaiciya zuwa zurfinsa, ana sigogin da ya dace da wani ruwa a matakai daban-daban na sikelin.
Baya ga gyare-gyaren da aka lissafa a sama, ana amfani da hydrometers a magani (don auna nauyin wasu kayan halittar dan adam), a girki, a masana'antar abinci (misali, lactometer yana auna kitse na madara, kuma mitar gishiri na taimakawa wajen tantance dacewar ruwa don dalilan abinci da taurinsa), da kuma akan masana'antu da ke samar da kayayyakin sunadarai.
Zane da sigogi na hydrometers
Na'urar murfin kwalba ce da aka kulle a ƙare duka biyu. Akwai harbin karfe a ciki. Ana ƙididdige yawanta ta dalilin na'urar (kowane ruwa yana da nauyin sa). Flawallon yana da sikelin da zai ba ka damar ƙayyade ƙimar da ake buƙata daidai. Wasu hydrometers bugu da fitari suna shiga cikin babban bututun rami (kamar yadda yake da samfurin lantarki).
Ana amfani da ƙarin kwalba don auna wasu abubuwa masu haɗari. An yi niyya don ɗaukar wani yanki (misali, hydrometers na mota yana ba da damar ɗaukar ƙaramin ƙaramin lantarki). Wannan zane yana hana wutan lantarki ko wani abu mai guba shiga fata.
Dogaro da ƙira da maƙasudin, za a iya yin flask na biyu a cikin siffar kwalba mai doguwar wuya ko ta hanyar bututun gwaji mai kauri tare da sikeli da ake amfani da shi. Wasu samfuran an yi su ne da filastik mai haske wanda ke da tsayayyar muguwar acid da kuma maganin alkaline.
Aikin gilashin yana da fa'idodi da yawa:
- Kwan fitila yana riƙe da gaskiya ba tare da la'akari da yawan amfani da shi ba;
- Gilashi ya fi tsayayya ga mahaɗan kwayoyin.
Oneaya daga cikin rashin amfanin gilashin lantarki shine cewa suna da rauni, saboda haka dole ne a adana samfurin da zai iya faɗuwa yadda yakamata (a cikin akwati da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyin jikin kowane leda). A wannan yanayin, dole ne a cire abin shawagi daga babban kwalbar kuma a adana shi a cikin marufi na musamman don kada ya karye.
Lokacin sayen hydrometer na irin wannan, yakamata ku kula da kuskuren (an nuna shi a matsayin kashi). Mafi yawancin lokuta, wannan ma'aunin yana da matukar mahimmanci don yin daidaitattun ma'auni a cikin samarwa.
Hakanan muhimmin mahimmanci shine kammala karatun sikelin. Mafi tsayi shine, gwargwadon ma'aunin zai zama daidai. Abubuwan rahusa masu arha galibi suna da ƙaramin sikelin, don haka ƙayyade ainihin ƙarfin lantarki ko maganin daskarewa ya zama da wahala.
Don sauƙaƙawa ga mai mota don sanin ko mai nuna alama yana cikin ƙa'ida, sikelin ya ƙunshi alamomi tare da ƙaramar izinin da aka yarda da su (alamar ja). Isimar mafi kyau duka alama ce a cikin kore.
Yadda ake amfani da hydrometer
Na'urar tana da sauƙin amfani. Don ƙayyade ma'aunin da ake buƙata, ana sanya iyo a cikin akwati tare da bayani. Dole ne ya huce, wanda zai ba da mafi daidaitaccen mai nuna alama.
Lokacin aiki tare da abubuwa masu haɗari, dole ne a aiwatar da wannan hanya ta musamman. Tunda aikin batirin daidai ya ta'allaka ne da yawan ruwan da ke cikin wutan lantarki, to ya zama dole lokaci-lokaci a duba waɗannan sigogi ta hanyar amfani da hydrometer (don yadda za'a tsawaita batirin, karanta a cikin labarin daban).
Alamar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin batura ya kamata ta kasance cikin kewayon 1,22-1,29 g / cm3 (ya dogara da yanayin da motar ke aiki). Wasu samfuran batir suna sanye da gilashin gani tare da alamar caji. Manuninta:
- ja - matakin wutan lantarki ya ragu, ana buƙatar sake cika sautin (yayin da cajin na iya isa ga mai farawa don juya ƙwanƙwasa);
- launi mai launi - batirin ya kusan cire 50%;
- kore - an ba da wutar lantarki isasshe.
Waɗannan alamomin za su taimaka wajen tantance ko za a iya amfani da tushen wuta don aiki da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, misali, tsarin sauti (yadda za a haɗa mahaɗin mota yadda ya dace a nan).
Kulawa da samarda wutar lantarki lokaci-lokaci zai taimaka wajen tantance idan akwai bukatar a kara matattarar batirin ko kuma batirin na bukatar caji. A cikin batura masu aiki, ana yin ma'auni tare da motar mota. Ga jagora mai sauri kan yadda ake amfani dashi daidai.
Umurnin-mataki-mataki don ɗaukar ma'aunai
Kafin auna ruwan sha, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa yawan zafin jiki yayi daidai da wannan aikin. Maƙeran suna ba da shawarar ɗaukar ma'auni a yanayin zafi tsakanin digiri + 20 (ba mahalli ba, amma yanayin da aka gwada). Yawan ruwa ɗaya yana canzawa tare da karatun thermometer daban-daban, sabili da haka, don kawar da rashin daidaito, dole ne ku bi wannan shawarar.
Don sauƙin aunawa, wasu sauye-sauye na zamani suna sanye da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio don ƙayyade yanayin zafin ruwan. don samun damar ƙayyade daidai ko ruwan ya haɗu da sigogin da ake buƙata, wani lokacin ana nuna gyara akan sikelin (ko a cikin takaddun fasaha na na'urar) la'akari da yanayin zafi mara kyau.
Ana aiwatar da aikin a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
- kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa aƙalla awanni shida sun shude tun daga caji na ƙarshe;
- duk matatun batirin ba a kwance ba;
- an saka float (hydrometer) a cikin babban flask, an saka pear a saman, kuma a ɗaya gefen - abin toshe kwalaba tare da kunkuntar wuya;
- kafin a rage tip din roba a cikin wutan lantarki, pear ya matse gaba daya;
- an nitsar da bututun cikin ruwa, ba a gyara pear ba;
- ofarar lantarki zai zama da yawa ta yadda abin da ke cikin flask din yana shawagi ba tare da ya taɓa bangon kwalbar ba;
- bayan karanta alamomin, wutan lantarki ya dawo cikin bankin batir daidai, fulogi suna murzawa.
Don kiyayewa mafi kyau, dole ne a wanke hydrometer da ruwa. Wannan zai hana samuwar plaque a cikin leda, wanda zai iya shafar daidaiton ma'aunai a nan gaba.
Matakan auna
Ruwan ruwa na fasaha a cikin mota yawanci mai guba ne kuma, tare da yin hulɗa tare da fata na tsawon lokaci, na iya lalata shi (musamman dangane da maganin acid), saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a bi matakan aminci lokacin aiki tare da su. Ga abin da kowane mai mota ya kamata ya tuna:
- don guje wa haɗuwa da acid tare da fatar hannu, dole ne a yi amfani da safofin hannu na roba;
- yayin aiki da batirin, ruwa daga gare shi na iya ƙafe (ya shafi gyare-gyaren da aka yi musu aiki), saboda haka, lokacin da ake kwance matosai, akwai buƙatar ku yi hankali don kada ku sha ƙamshin acid;
- yayin aiki tare da baturin, an hana shi shan sigari da amfani da kowane tushe na harshen wuta;
- yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki ma'aunai a cikin yanki mai iska mai kyau;
- aiki da ruwa mai haɗari baya jurewa da sauri (saboda rashin kulawa, wutan lantarki zai iya hawa jikin mota ya lalata ƙarfen).
Bayani na shahararrun samfuran hydrometer
Neman ma'aunin hydrometer mai inganci bashi da wahala saboda kayan aiki ne masu sauki wanda za'a iya samu a kowane shagon kayan mota. Akwai nau'ikan irin waɗannan na'urori. Sun bambanta da juna ta hanyar sigogin da aka tsara su. Ga wasu mashahuri hydrometers.
| Don daskarewadon: | Kudaden da aka kiyasta, cu | girma | shortcomings |
| Farashin AR030002 | 8 | Karami, multifunctional, sauki don amfani, abin dogara | Mai ƙauna |
| Saukewa: JTC1040 | 5 | Nauyin nauyi da karami, mai aiki da yawa (wurin daskarewa da tafasasshen maki a sikelin) | Yana yin tasiri sosai don saduwa da mai tsawo tare da acid |
| AV Karfe AV-920097 | 4 | Farashin kasafin kuɗi, sauƙin amfani, abin dogaro, mai amfani | Markananan alamomi akan sikelin |
| Domin lantarki: | |||
| Farashin AR030001 | 7 | M, mara nauyi, sikelin launuka masu yawa, mai karko | Babban farashi |
| Heyner Babban 925 010 | 6 | M farashin, filastik hali, karamin girma na gwada electrolyte | Adana ba tare da murfin ba, pear na iya ragewa a kan lokaci |
| Autoprofi baturi BAT / TST-118 | 5 | Mai sauƙin amfani, sikelin launi, farashi mai araha | Ana amfani dashi kawai a cikin samfurin batirin gubar-acid, sakamakon ba koyaushe yake nuna ainihin mai nuna alama ba |
| Saukewa: JTC1041 | 4 | Zaɓin maras tsada, ƙarfin flask, juriya ga maganin acid, ƙimar auna, ƙarami | Jirgin ruwan yakan shaƙe a bangon flask, babu wani hali |
| Nantaunar AR-02 5002 | 2 | Nauyin nauyi, an rufe shi, gilashi, mara arha | Da kwan fitila na roba da sauri ya rasa elasticity, ba wani hali |
Kafin zaɓar gyare-gyare, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar masana, tun da kowace shekara masana'antun suna ƙirƙirar sababbin samfuran tare da ingantattun halaye. Wasu gyare-gyare na iya zama marasa tasiri a auna wasu nau'ikan ruwa.
A cikin shaguna, zaku iya samun samfuran duniya wanda zaku iya auna ingancin duka mai sanyaya da wutan lantarki. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da bugun kira kuma an daidaita su da ruwa mai narkewa don kowane irin ruwa. Practabi'a yana nuna cewa irin waɗannan gyare-gyare masu tsada sun fi dacewa ga tashoshin sabis na ƙwararru fiye da amfanin gida.
Kamar yadda kake gani, hydrometer ba abu ne mai rikitarwa ba, wanda har mai farawa zai iya auna yanayin wutar lantarki ko daskarewa. Godiya ga wannan hanya mai sauƙi, mai motar zai iya haɓaka rayuwar batirin sosai kuma ya tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin sanyaya injin.
Bidiyo akan batun
Anan ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo akan yadda ake amfani da hydrometer don auna yawan adadin electrolyte a cikin batura masu sabis:
Tambayoyi & Amsa:
Menene za a iya auna tare da Hydrometer? Wannan na'urar tana auna nauyin kowane ruwa na fasaha. Yana aiki bisa tushen dokar Archimedes. An ƙera na'urar don motoci don maganin daskarewa da electrolyte.
Mene ne hydrometer da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da shi? Wannan flask ne mai rufaffiyar bututu mai rami, a cikinsa akwai harbin karfe. pear yana ɗaukar ruwa. Matsayinsa akan sikelin yana nuna yawa.
Yadda za a ƙayyade yawa tare da hydrometer? Don wannan, bututun ciki yana da ma'aunin digiri na ruwa daban-daban. Zaɓin mafi sauƙi shine bututu da aka rufe tare da ma'auni. Ana tsoma shi cikin ruwa.
