Gwajin gwaji Bentley Flying Spur akan Pierce-Arrow Model 54

Tsakanin Bentley Flying Spur W12 da Pierce-Arrow Model 54 Club Sedan na tsawon shekaru 86 da babban rata na fasaha. Amma akwai wani abu da ya haɗa su

Ba daidai ba, kamfanin Buffalo na George Pierce ya fara da kyawawan tsuntsaye. Tare da kwarjini da rawar da zata nuna a shekaru masu zuwa, kewayen giwaye zai fi dacewa da ita. Kamfanin ya samar da kekuna, babura, manyan motoci, bas da kuma tirela, amma ya shahara da motocin.

An ƙirƙiri farkon farkon a cikin 1901, kuma amintacce aka sanya shi a gaba. Anyi komai da babban gefe - bangarorin jikin aluminium ba turmike bane, amma anyi simintin. A cikin 1910, an maye gurbin injunan 4-Silinda da ke da kusan kusan lita 12 ta hanyar mawuyacin layin "shida" - lita 13,5. A dabi'ance, Pierce-Arrow sun yi tsayayya da marathons masu ƙarfin jimrewa, kuma ƙarfinsu da amincinsu da harba bindigogi da sauri sun sami jinƙai na fitattun Amurkawa. Daya daga cikin tallace-tallacen da nuna alfahari ya nuna wata mota ta dangin gwanayen giya (tuna Budweiser giya?) Ga Adolphus Busch III kuma ya nanata cewa mai motar ya saba amfani da motar fiye da shekaru takwas.

A watan Yunin 1919, Shugaban Amurka Woodrow Wilson, wanda ya dawo daga taron Zaman Lafiya na Paris, yana jiran sabon motar limousine ta Pierce-Arrow. A daidai wannan lokacin, Baturen Ingila Walter Owen Bentley yana gab da yin rajistar wani kamfanin mota da aka sa wa sunansa. A Nunin Motar Landan, ya nuna kwalliya tare da injin izgili, kuma an gina samfura a cikin barga a kan titin Baker. Wanda ya saya na farko ya karɓi motar ne kawai a cikin Satumba 1921. Kuma nan da nan ya yaba da babbar fa'idar sabuwar alama - motar. Unitungiyar wutar lantarki tare da bawuloli huɗu da matosai biyu a kowace silinda sun haɓaka 65 hp, kuma an kawo ikon sigar tseren zuwa mararin 92.

Ba yawa ba: ko da tare da jiki mai sauƙi da gajeren gajere mai ƙarfi, Bentleys na farko ba su da nauyi. Koyaya, injin ɗin abin dogaro ne kuma saboda wannan ingancin ne Bentley 3 Liter ya fara hanyar nasara a cikin tseren mota. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar 'yan tsere masu tsere,' yan wasa da masu haɗari - Bentley Boys - an tsara su a cikin sabon alama. A cikin 1924 sun kasance na farko a cikin Le Mans, sannan kuma sun sami nasara sau da yawa. Ettore Bugatti da raini ya kira Bentley "babbar motar da ta fi sauri a duniya", amma "tsarkakakkun dawakansa" sun sami sakamako 'yan shekaru bayan da samfurin Burtaniya ya bar tseren awa 24.

Daya daga cikin Bentley Boys, Wolf Barnato, dan tseren dambe, dan dambe, dan wasan kirket da dan wasan kwallon tennis da kuma meye, ya yanke shawarar mallakar kamfaninsa da yake kauna. Abin farin ciki, an ba da izinin magajin masarautar lu'u-lu'u. Gidan hoton Gurney-Nutting ya kasance yana tsere tsere mai tsada. Barnato ya yi muhawara kan gilashin shampen cewa zai tsallake babban jirgin kasa kuma zai kasance na farko da zai fara daga Cannes zuwa Landan, kuma duk da koma bayan da suka biyo shi, ya yi nasara. Yana tuki mota mai layi shida-shida "shida". Wannan injin ɗin ma waɗanda suka ba da umarnin gawar masu nauyin nauyi a kan katakon Bentley ɗin sun fi son shi. Daga baya, mahimmin rukuni mai lita 6,5 ya bayyana.

Hasken fitilun-cones da aka saka a cikin fenders - wannan shine ya sa ya yiwu a ayyana motar Pierce-Arrow tare da cikakken tabbaci. Wani matashi mai zane Herbert Dawley ne ya ƙirƙira su a cikin shekarar 1913, amma har a cikin shekarun 1930 shekarun ba su da muhimmanci. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da shi sun jagorantar da shi - fitilun da ke kan fuka-fuki sun ba da haske mafi kyau na hanya da juyawa, sannan kuma, an fi samun kariya daga duwatsu. Hasken wutar lantarki ya fi acetylene wuta, don haka babu matsala tare da sanya shi a kan fikafikan, kuma kaurin fikafikan Pierce-Arrow yana da ban sha'awa.

Lightarin haske har yanzu an ajiye shi a gaban injin daskarewa. Don haka a cikin duhu, Piers suna haske kamar bishiyar Kirsimeti. Zai fi aminci kuma ba zai taɓa faruwa ga kowane mai keke ya hau tsakanin fitilu biyu da ke nesa da juna ba. Hannun fitila a kan fend ya zama wani ɓangare na hoton Pierce-Arrow kuma har ma an kiyaye shi daga yin kwafa ta hanyar takaddama ta musamman.

A ƙarshen 1920s, motocin Pierce-Arrow sun kasance masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da tsada fiye da masu fafatawa. A sakamakon haka, kamfanin ya yanke farashin, sannan ya tafi don haɗewa tare da sanannen sanannen mai kera motoci Studebaker.

“Daraktocin suna fuskantar wata babbar tambaya ko rukunin kera motoci na keɓewa zai iya samun nasarar gasa na dogon lokaci tare da kamfanoni kamar General Motors, Studebaker, Kreisler da sauransu, waɗanda yawan kayayyakinsu, nau'ikan nau'ikan samfuri da ƙungiyar tallace-tallace suna ba da kwastomomi buƙata da ƙarfin kuɗi. ya zarce karfin kamfanin wani kamfani mai iyakantaccen kayan sarrafawa, "mujallar" Za Rulem "ta nakalto daraktocin Pierce-Arrow ga masu hannun jarin a 1928.

Haɗin ya kasance kamar ceton Pierce-Arrow daga fatarar kuɗi, amma godiya ga wannan, mai kera Buffalo mai kera motoci ya karɓi kuɗin da ake buƙata kuma ya sami damar faɗaɗa cibiyar sadarwar dillalansa. "Studebaker" ya sami alama ta almara. Ta hanyar kokarin hadin gwiwa, an kirkiro wani sabon inji mai inci 8-cylinder mai nauyin lita 6 da karfin karfin doki 125, irin wannan shine wanda ke karkashin murfin mota daga tarin Kamyshmash, wanda aka fitar a 1931. In ba haka ba, sassan zane na kamfanonin biyu sun ci gaba da kasancewa da kansu.

Yawanci, fastocin Pierce-Arrow suna nuna kyawawan mata da maza waɗanda suka shigo gidan wasan kwaikwayo ko gidan yacht. Lokaci-lokaci, zanen da aka zana Pierce-Arrow ya hau zuwa ƙetaren Amurka, amma don kawai ya nuna abin dogaro. Tabbas akwai direba a cikin kwalliya da kayan ɗamara mai ruwan toka kusa da masu ba da rai na sakaci.

Wannan ba kawai matsayin yanayi ba ne - don jimre wa babbar motar, ana buƙatar mutum mai horo na musamman. Ya san abin da keɓaɓɓun abubuwan iyawa da levers suke, yadda za a yi amfani da kwalliya ta kyauta da kuma tagogi da yawa da za a buɗe a gefen kaho don sa katuwar motar ta kasance cikin sauƙi. Kuma banda haka, ya sami rarrabewa ta yanayin jiki mai kyau, yana aiki azaman jagorar wuta, tsarin taka birki da kuma mataimaki na ajiye motoci. Anan, hatta hasken rana an tsara shi don mutum a cikin kwalliya, in ba haka ba ya rufe kasan direban.

Don fara wata katuwar mota, kuna buƙatar jin zafi danna ƙafarku a cikin maɓallin zagaye na mai farawa ƙafa kuma a lokaci guda a matse cikin dasasshen baya na gado mai matasai. Layin lita shida "takwas" yana farkawa tare da bugawa da ƙarfi, ana jin karafa da ƙaramar kararsa, amma yana aiki sosai. Daga baya, injinan, suna kwance akan matashin roba, zasu mallaki bawul na lantarki kuma zasu zama mafi nutsuwa. Jigon baya na Pierce-Arrow yana da alama ya rigaya yayi shiru, hypoid, amma kuma yana ta kuka. Koyaya, saboda shekarunta motar shiru ce. Thean shekaru ashirin ba kawai suna ruri ba ne, suna kuma yin gurnani da gearboxes ba tare da masu aiki tare ba.

Motar motsawa kawai tana juyawa cikin sauƙi lokacin da motar ke motsi. A farfajiyar zauren baje kolin "Kamyshmash", Pierce-Arrow kamar giwa ce a cikin shagon sayar da kayayyaki, kuma ƙarin madubai a kan sha'anin ajiya ba su taimaka sosai. Tsakanin igiyar motar kawai ta kasance m 3,5, tare da babbar radiyo mai juyawa, da gilashin gilashi da abubuwan da aka gabatar a kusa. Babban abu shi ne ficewa zuwa babbar babbar hanya tare da mafi karancin juyawa: a can injin zai ƙarshe haɓaka ƙarfin N339 na 100 Nm kuma ya nuna abin da yake iyawa. Nunin iko baya buƙatar saurin gudu, kodayake a ka'ida babbar mota tana iya saurin zuwa XNUMX km / h da ƙari. Babban abu shine tsayawa a lokaci.

Za'a iya sauya kayan aiki guda uku tare da dogon lever ba tare da matsaloli ba, kuma kokarin da aka yi a kan manyan hanyoyin yana karɓa, amma daga ra'ayin direba, Pierce-Arrow yayi kama da motar, kuma daga mahangar fasinjoji - babban karusa tare da marringsmari mai laushi. Akin da ke da gata yana zaune a bayan jikin duka. Ana yin buɗaɗɗen shiryayye don kaya a bayan jirgin, kuma an kafa kirji da murfin mai hana ruwa. Cikin ciki da kujerun an lulluɓe su a cikin kauri mai ƙyalli mai laushi mai laushi, a ka'ida, yana kiyaye fasinjoji daga sanyi. Koyaya, akwai kuma mai hita.

Ashtray lampshades, tare da madubai, iyakokin ƙofofi, kayan kwalliyar fure - ana yin komai cikin salo mai kyau, amma wannan ita ce gaisuwa ta ƙarshe ta zamanin mai fita. Ba abin mamaki bane, an saki jikin a baya fiye da akwatin - ya faru. Kowace shekara layukan motoci na Pierce-Arrow suna zama kamar zane-zanen talla, inda ake nuna motocin mafi yawan tsugune, amma duk da haka sun kasance tsofaffin motocin da aka saba.

Kamfanin ya shiga Babban Tashin hankali a kan hauhawar: tallace-tallace na 1929 ya ninka ninki biyu idan aka kwatanta da 1928, amma sai raguwar da ake tsammani ta fara. Sabon injin V12 ya bayyana akan motocin Pierce-Arrow daga baya fiye da wadanda suka fafata, kuma yunƙurin ƙirƙirar motar nan gaba ya faskara - Pierce Silver Arrow tare da ingantaccen jiki ya zama mai tsada sosai kuma an gina shi cikin kofi biyar kawai.

Ko da mafi muni, Studebaker ya fara samun matsaloli: a watan Maris kamfanin ya shigar da fatarar kuɗi, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci shugaban kamfanin, Albert Erskine, ya kashe kansa. Abin ban mamaki, Pierce-Arrow yana da ragi mai aminci, kuma kamfanin ya ci gaba da tafiya da kansa. Koyaya, ba kuɗaɗen sababbin masu saka hannun jari daga Buffalo, ko kuma ingantattun ƙungiyoyi ba zasu iya daidaita tallace-tallace ba.

Mafi kyawun araha 8A, wanda aka samu azaman zinare akan platinum, shima baiyi nasara ba. Motar da aka ginata zuwa irinta mizanai kuma tana da tsada sosai. A cikin 836, kamfanin ya dawo zuwa ga ra'ayin ƙirar a cikin tsaka-tsakin farashin, amma ya yi latti, kuma a cikin Mayu na shekara mai zuwa ƙaddamarwa ta zo.

A cikin 1931, yayin da Pierce Arrow ke ci gaba da yin kyau, Bentley yana nutsewa cikin bashi. Haɓaka injin 8-lita ya buƙaci kashe kuɗi mai yawa, kuma farkon rikicin kuɗi ya kammala shan kashi. Wolf Barnato bai iya ceton kamfanin ba, kuma a watan Nuwamba wani amintaccen abokin tarayya na Burtaniya ya samo shi, wanda ya zama Rolls-Royce.

Sabon mai shi ya dakatar da kera Bentleys lita 8, kuma ya canza sabbin samfuran zuwa nau'ikan wasanni na Rolls. Bayan rasa independenceancin ta, duk da haka alamar Birtaniyya ta wanzu. Bayan motsawa ƙarƙashin reshe na rukunin VW a ƙarshen 1990s, an raba ta da Rolls-Royce. Da suke riƙe da tsarin Arnage da Mulsanne masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, Jamusawa sun ƙaddamar da samfuran da suka fi sauƙi, suna ba su duk mafi kyawun VW a lokacin - dandamali na mafi kyawun samfurin Phaeton da kuma ƙwarewar fasahar fasaha, wato, injin W12.

Flying Spur sedan bai yi nasara kamar 'yar uwarta Continental GT ba, amma har yanzu ya sayar da adadi mai yawa na motar Bentley. Ana ɗaukar wannan motar ba ta halal ba, tana mai nuni da kullin abubuwa da maɓallan daga samfurin VW Group da ba a san su da yawa ba, amma wannan kamannin mutum ne da ya fito daga Polo Sedan. Bayan kwana ɗaya da aka zagaye da motoci na gargajiya daga tarin Kamyshmash, zaku lura da wani abu daban.

Abin mamaki, wannan sakewa yana da ruhun gargajiya na Bentley. Menene ma'anar mota mai tsada da tsada. Kuma wannan motar direba ce, ba kamar ta Pierce-Arrow ba, wacce ita ce rabin babbar mota da rabi. Babu cikin wasan motsa jiki tare da abubuwan sakawa na carbon, masu tsananin firgitarwa na W12, ko bakakken bakaken hade da aikin lemu wanda zai iya shafar tsohon kyautan Flying Spur tare da dukkan madafan abin hannunta da fata mai kauri. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mota, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2005, ya kasance a hankali fiye da tsarin rashin ilimin sa.

Kakakin kamfanin Eba Jenkins ya ce "Ba na son tuka mota a 125 ko ma mil 100 a awa guda, ina so in mallaki motar da aka kera ta kuma a tsara ta yadda saurin da ya saba wasa yara ne kawai a gare ta." 'rikodin a cikin wannan ruhun. ya kai mil 128 a kowace awa (200 km / h) a kan injin da aka shirya.

Hakanan za'a iya faɗi akan Bentley Flying Spur. A cikin sigar W12 S tare da injin injin 635. da 820 Nm, yana da ikon isa kilomita 320 cikin sa'a guda. Amma koda a ƙananan gudu ne, ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ba zai sa ku yi shakku game da adadin ba.

Rubuta	Sedan	Sedan
Dimensions (tsayi / nisa / tsayi), mm	5299/2207/1488	nd
Gindin mashin, mm	3066	3480
Volumearar gangar jikin, l	475	nd
Tsaya mai nauyi, kg	2475	game da 2200
Babban nauyi	2972	nd
nau'in injin	Fetur W12	Fetur 8-silinda, a cikin layi
Volumearar aiki, mita mai siffar sukari cm	5998	3998
Max. iko, h.p. (a rpm)	635/6000	125 / n
Max. sanyaya lokaci, Nm (a rpm)	820/2000	339 / n
Nau'in tuki, watsawa	Cikakke, 8АКП	Na baya, 3MKP
Max. gudun, km / h	325	137
Gaggawa daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h, s	4,5	nd
Amfanin mai, l / 100 km	14,4	nd