Gwajin gwajin Audi 100 LS, Mercedes 230, NSU Ro 80: juyin juya hali da aiki

Yara uku masu ƙarfi na tashin hankali 1968, suna hanzarta zuwa saman.

Ba tare da tausayi ba sun yanke alakar su tare da milieu - tauraron silinda shida maimakon dizal mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, avant-garde limousine maimakon dwarf Prinz, aji ta'aziyyar wasanni maimakon wani zuriya a cikin dangin bugun jini biyu. Juyin juya hali, kamar yadda kuka sani, yana farawa ne a kan titi.

Shi ɗan tawaye ne, ɗan yaro na gaske na 68, alamar rashin biyayya. Kyakkyawar siffarsa mai sauƙi tare da ma'auni mai kyau da kuma madaidaiciyar haske na Italiyanci ya ci nasara akan technocrat daga arewa. "Kyakkyawan mota, mota mai kyau sosai," in ji katon, in ba haka ba mai tauri, kusan a cikin hayyacinsa, yayin da yake tafiya a hankali a kusa da samfurin filastik sikelin 1: 1 da ke boye a bayan labule.

Audi 100: yaron da ba'a so

Kafin wannan, shugaban VW Heinrich Nordhof ya yi niyya don kammala samar da ƙaramin samfurin Audi (60 - Super 90) tare da abin da ake kira matsakaicin matsa lamba don kunna Auto Union na tushen Ingolstadt, wanda Daimler ya samu a 1965. Benz, cikin gonar kunkuru na al'ada. Domin kara karfin masana'antar da rikicin ya girgiza, motocin Volkswagen 300 ne ke birgima a duk rana.

Dangane da waɗannan tsare-tsare, Nordhof ya hana babban mai zanen Audi Ludwig Kraus da tawagarsa shiga duk wani aiki don haɓaka sabon samfuri. Wannan ya tabbatar da rashin jurewa ga yanayin kirkire-kirkire na Kraus, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a asirce. Bayan haka, shi ne mutumin da, ta hanyar ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓakawa, ya mayar da DKW F 102 motar da har yanzu tana da kyau ga lokacinta, Audi na farko mai injin Silinda hudu. An shigo da injin a matsayin "jakar da aka ɗauka" ta tsohon ma'aikacin sa Daimler-Benz, wani nauyi mai nauyin lita 1,7 bbw mai suna Mexico, wanda, saboda girman girmansa na 11,2: 1, an dauke shi wani abu na giciye tsakanin rabin fetur. , Semi-dizal.

Ga Kraus, wanda ya kera kiban azurfa na Mercedes shekaru da suka wuce, ƙirar mota ta kasance abin sha'awa na gaske. Da tsananin roƙon, ya rinjayi Nordhof da shugaban Audi Jagora game da begen samun wata sabuwar karamar mota mai kayatarwa wadda za ta cika kasuwa tsakanin Opel-Ford da BMW-Mercedes: “Zai zama na wasa, amma a lokaci guda. dadi, m da fili. Tare da ƙarin kamala daki-daki da ƙarin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Opel ko Ford. Akwai matakan iko da kayan aiki guda uku daga 80 zuwa 100 hp. Muna iya ma tunanin wani juyin mulki,” in ji wani injiniya mai sha'awar fasaha.

Audi 100 - "Mercedes ga wakilai"

Lokacin da sabuwar babbar motar ta ƙarshe ta fara nunawa ta farko a Nunin Motar Geneva na 1969, wasu ƙalilan daga masu sukar izgili sun ce Mercedes ce. Mugun moniker "Mercedes for Deputy Chiefs" ya bazu da sauri. Ludwig Krauss bai taɓa musun cewa ya kasance daga makarantar Stuttgart ba. A cikin 1963, ya shiga kamfanin Auto Union bayan shekaru 26 a Daimler-Benz kuma tuni yana dauke da jininsa dukkanin kyawawan halaye na motoci masu tauraro uku da kuma na yau da kullun irin na Mercedes na damuwa da kowane daki-daki. A yau, Audi 100 na farko ya daɗe da fitowa daga jerin W 114/115, wanda aka fi sani da Linear Takwas (/ 8). Delft blue 100 LS, wanda aka haɗa shi a kwatancenmu, yana alfahari da nuna independenceancin fasaha. Siffar mai kofa biyu, wacce aka gabatar a kaka 1969, ta nuna ƙimar kyawawan layukan ta.

Yanzu haka koren Mercedes 230 mai duhu an ajiye shi cikin lumana kusa da ƙirar Ingolstadt. Ga alama ya fi girma, amma kuma yana ba da ƙarfi fiye da tsarin zamani na Audi mara kulawa, wanda kuma yake da tasirin gaske. Ga Audi 100, mai ƙirar yana nuna ƙimar amfani Cx 0,38; tare da mahimmancin mawuyacin halin NSU Ro 80 wannan ƙimar ba ta da kyau sosai (0,36).

Fuskar Audi tana da fara'a, kusan tana murmushi. Duk da cewa a bayyane tana sanye da zobba huɗu a tsakiyar ƙwanƙolin gidan radiator, motar ba ta biyan haraji da yawa ga al'ada kamar ƙirar Mercedes, wacce ke da kyau da kyau daga kowane ɓangare. Yayi zurfi a cikin ruhinsa, a wani wuri a cikin hanjin injina masu ɗoki shida-shida tare da manyan abubuwa guda huɗu, shi ma mai neman sauyi ne kuma wakilin "sabon abu" a cikin zane da gine-gine. Ya kasance a shekarar da aka kara yawan tituna a cikin majalisa a cikin 1968 cewa wannan salon a ƙarshe ya yi nasara a Mercedes, yana maye gurbin ƙawancen baroque mai ƙyamar fined limousines wanda ya tsoratar da yawancin masu yin sa.

Hanyoyin fasaha na juyin juya hali - "ma'auni a cikin ɓangaren babba na tsakiyar aji."

A fasaha, duk da haka, Audi 100 LS ya sami 'yanci daga Mercedes gwargwadon iko. Motar-dabaran ta gargajiya kamar ta gargajiya ce ta Auto Union kamar yadda ita ma tsayayyar torsion mashaya mai ban tsoro a gefen baya. An haɗu tare da maɓuɓɓugan zamani waɗanda aka haɗa tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa (kamar su MacPherson strut) a gaba, Kraus da tawagarsa sun kirkiro shasi wanda ya haɗu da kwanciyar hankali na dogon dakatar da tafiya tare da kyakkyawar hanya.

Daga baya, a cikin sabon jujjuyawar da aka sake yi a shekarar 1974, dakatarwar baya tare da maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓuga da masu birgima zasu ba motar koda halayen wasan motsa jiki. Dangane da gwajin kwatancen motoci na motsa jiki da motsa jiki wanda aka gudanar a cikin shekarar, samfurin shine "ma'aunin aminci na hanya a cikin ɓangaren tsakiya na sama."

Ko da asalin injin matsin lamba na Audi 100 baya kama da kansa kuma. A cikin 1973 Delft shuɗi na LS, yana aiki daidai, kuma sauti mai daɗi, mai nishaɗi mai nishaɗi yana fitowa daga mai laushi. Tare da rage ragin matsin lamba zuwa 10,2 da 9,7: 1, tsawa mai kara, mara daɗi ta ɓace.

Koyaya, saboda tsananin jujjuyawar cakuda da ke aiki a cikin silinda tare da gudummawar giciye, injin ɗin ya kasance mai tattalin arziki bisa ƙa'idar ƙirar kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don matsakaiciyar hanzari daga 2000 rpm. Volkswagen ta kirkiro watsa ta atomatik mai saurin uku tana kula da dabi'a ta dabi'a da kuma babbar hanyar dawo da injin injina guda hudu tare da bawul din sama da karamar camshaft. Tare da wadataccen iskar gas, yana sauyawa tare da jinkiri mai daɗi.

"Layi-takwas" - tsokane mai laushi tare da sabon chassis

A nauyi da unwieldy 230.6 Atomatik ne da wuya a bi haske da kuma agile Audi 100. Its m shida, wanda a cikin "Pagoda" (230 SL) sauti wajen tashin hankali, a nan ko da yaushe ya kasance m da zare jiki raɗa ga hankula intonations na Mercedes. Babu fasalolin wasanni - duk da camshaft na sama.

Lita na injin mai-silinda shida ba shi da kyau, saboda haka yana da tsawon rai. Injin ya haɗu sosai tare da babban, abin hawa mai nauyi wanda ke tafiya cikin sauƙi da sauƙi kuma har ma a ɗan gajeren tafiya birni yana ba direban jin cewa ya jima a kan hanya. Kowace tafiya ta zama tafiya. Wannan shine ƙarfin wannan ingantaccen kayan aiki 230, wanda, ban da rufin rana na atomatik da rufin rana, yana da windows na gaba, windows masu haske da kuma tuƙin wuta. Ba wai kawai wadatarwa ba, amma har da ingancin aiki yana da ban sha'awa. Gaskiya ne, cikin Audi yana haskakawa da dumi da kwanciyar hankali, amma siraran itace mai ƙyalli yana kama da wucewa kamar launin bamboo mara kyau na kujerun tare da kyakkyawan kwane-kwane da kayan ado iri-iri.

A haƙiƙa, W 114 shima mai tsokana ne, ko da yake yana cikin siffa mai laushi. Dangane da salo da fasaha na chassis, wannan shine ma'auni na sabon zamani - bankwana da axle na baya mai girgiza da ƙwaƙƙwaran gabatarwar birki mai faifai huɗu. Sakamakon haka, Daimler-Benz baya baya baya ta fuskar haɓakar hanyoyi, amma yana fuskantar ma'aunin BMW don karkatar da gatari na baya, inda ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙafa da ƙafa suka kasance abin koyi.

Halin sarrafa sauƙin sauƙi, kusa da iyakar ƙoƙarin motsa jiki, ba tare da ƙarancin halin ciyarwa ba, da kwanciyar hankali na tafiya a ƙarƙashin taka birki a cikin sauri mai sauri suna sa "Linear Takwas" ya fi na S-Class na wancan lokacin kyau. Babu ɗayan kwatancen kwatankwacin 1968 da yake tsaye akan hanya don nutsuwa, tare da bazara mai ƙarfi da yawa. Abubuwan hawa biyu na gaba-gaba suna da firgita, amma sun fi saurin aiki.

Ro 80 - inji na nan gaba

Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga NSU Ro 80 na ayaba-rawaya, wanda ya zarce sauran a cikin sarrafawa tare da hadaddun chassis ɗin da ya ƙunshi dakatarwar gaba ta MacPherson da madaidaiciyar baya. Abu mai mahimmanci anan shine ƙanƙantar da kai kamar ƙuruciya, iyawa da saurin haɗa kai, wanda tsarin sarrafa madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar ZF ya motsa tare da tarawa da ƙuƙwalwa. Birki ma waka ne. Tare da burinta na fasaha, Ro 80 yana tunawa da Porsche 911. Shin daidaituwa ce cewa duka motocin suna sanye da ƙafafun allo na Fuchs? Kuma wannan rawaya da lemu ya yi daidai da duka?

Amma tare da dukkan girmamawa, ƙaunatattun abokai na Wankel motor, dole ne mu yarda da gaskiya, koda kuwa zai cutar da ku. Bayan duk wannan, ba injinan juyi juzu'i bane amma fasalin aiki-kyakkyawa da keɓaɓɓiyar shasi tare da kyakkyawar hanyar da zata sa NSU Ro 80 ta zama mai ƙarfin gwiwa har yau. Kuna iya son injiniya kawai da ƙarfi, musamman idan kun tuka motar BMW 2500 a da. Sautin gurgling ɗin da ke sama yana ɗan tuna da na'uran silinda sau biyu. Zamu iya samun ta'aziya da gaskiyar cewa in babu karamin inji, da ba za a taba halittar yanayin wannan lokacin ba.

Saurin-sauri, rabin-atomatik da watsa-atomatik watsawa yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar ƙwarewar tuki koyaushe. Koyaya, bai dace da waɗanda suke da sha'awar yin babban garambawul ba, kuma suna da rauni kamar karfin juzu'i, injin Wankel, wanda ya zama mai sauƙi ne kawai da giya biyar.

Ro 80 ba ya son zirga-zirga a babban birni. Slow hanzari na babban mota, wanda ikon 115 hp kuma taka rawa a nan. ba za a iya kira isa ba. Daularsa ita ce babbar hanyar, wacce ke sauri cikin nutsuwa kuma ba tare da girgiza ba lokacin da ma'aunin saurin ya nuna 160. A nan, mai rauni da rashin jituwa tare da watsawa Wankel ba zato ba tsammani ya zama aboki na ƙaunataccen.

Abubuwa uku daban-daban suna yin abokai

Hanya mai faɗi da doguwar keken ƙasa suna taimaka wa Ro 80 ya kasance da kyau a hanya. Godiya ga ingantaccen fasalin ta, motar tana wadatar da lita 12 cikin kilomita 100, kuma injin da aka yiwa lakabi da KKM 612 yana rera waka game da sabuwar duniya mai ban mamaki da kuma sauƙi mai sauƙi na Wankel. Abun juyawa yana juyawa akan trochoid kuma, kamar dai sihiri, koyaushe yana canza sarari a cikin ɗakin, wanda ya haifar da aikin aiki huɗu. Babu jolts na sama da ƙasa waɗanda suke buƙatar canzawa zuwa motsi na juyawa.

Ciki na NSU Ro 80 yana da kyau, kusan aiki mai wahala. Ya yi daidai da halayen avant-garde na motar, kodayake ɗan ɗan alatu zai kasance abin sha'awa. Kayan kayan baƙar fata ya fito ne daga Audi 100 GL kuma yana ci gaba da zama mai ƙarfi da jin daɗin taɓawa a cikin sabon yanayi. Amma Ro 80 ba irin motar motsa jiki ba ce don shiga ciki - an ɗauke ta da mahimmanci. Kyakkyawan Mercedes 230 kuma ba zai dace da wannan dalili ba.

Mafi kusa da zuciyata shine abokantaka Audi 100. Idan ba tare da wannan motar ba - haifaffen ciwo, har abada ba a la'akari da shi ba kuma tare da kyautar da ba za a iya musantawa ba - a yau Audi ba zai wanzu ba. Sai dai sunan samfurin Volkswagen na alatu.

FASAHA DATA

Audi 100 LS (samfurin F 104), manuf. 1973 g.

ENGINE Model M ZZ, injin mai sanyaya silinda mai amfani da ruwa mai huɗu, kan silinda mai gudana, kwararar baƙin ƙarfe mai ruwan toka, ƙwanƙwasa tare da manyan lamuran guda biyar, hanyar kamshaft guda ɗaya (wanda aka sarƙa ta sarkar duplex), bawul masu biya, masu ɗagawa da masu yin aiki. , pistons tare da goshin goshi, (ka'idar Chiron) sauyawa 1760 cm3 (haifa x bugun jini 81,5 x 84,4 mm), 100 hp a 5500 rpm, max. 153 Nm karfin juyi @ 3200 rpm, 9,7: 1 matsewar matsakaici, daya Solex 32/35 TDID mai hawa biyu a tsaye a tsaye, murfin wuta, mai injin L 4.

MAGANAR WUTA. Motar gaba-gaba tare da injina a gaban axle na gaba da gearbox a bayanta, gearbox mai tafiyar hawa hudu (Porsche sync), zaɓin gearbox atomatik mai sauri uku tare da mai jujjuyawar juyi (wanda VW ya ƙera).

Jiki da ɗaga kai yana tallafawa jikin ƙarfe duka, gaban goshi tare da maɓuɓɓugan da aka haɗa da haɗuwa da haɗari (MacPherson strut) da kuma matakai masu kusurwa uku, mai daidaitawa, mai tsayayyar tubular baya, tsayin daka na tsawon lokaci, torsion spring da torsion bar steering rack with toothed rack, gaban diski, birki na baya, fayafai 4,5 J x 14, tayoyi 165 SR 14.

MUTANE DA NAUYI Tsawon 4625 mm, nisa 1729 mm, tsayi 1421 mm, gaban / gaban hanya 1420/1425 mm, keken hannu 2675 mm, nauyin net 1100 kg, tanki 58 l.

HALAYE NA DYNAMIC DA KYAUTA Max. gudun 170 km / h, 0-100 km / h a cikin dakika 12,5, amfani da mai (fetur 95) 11,8 l / 100 km.

RANAR SANA'A DA KAYAN JARI Audi 100, (samfurin 104 (C1) daga 1968 zuwa 1976, misalai 827, daga cikinsu 474 juyin mulki ne.

Mercedes-Benz 230 (W 114), proizv. 1970

ENGINE Model M 180, mai sanyaya ruwa a cikin layi mai injin silinda shida, kanin silinda mai haske, ruwan toka mai toka mai toka, crankshaft mai dauke da manyan lamuran guda hudu, wani camshaft na sama (wanda aka sarrafa shi da duplex sarkar), kwalin kwatankwacin kwatankwacinsa, ana tuka shi armsarar makamai masu ƙarfi 2292 cm3 (bore x bugge 86,5 x 78,5 mm), 120 hp a 5400 rpm, matsakaicin karfin juyi 182 Nm a 3600 rpm, yanayin matsewa 9: 1, Zenith 35/40 INAT biyu-biyu a tsaye masu yawo a tsaye, murfin ƙonewa, mai injin injin 5,5.

WUTA GARAR Motar baya-dabaran, watsa 4-hanzari na hannu, watsa 5-zaɓi na zaɓi ko watsa 4-sauri ta atomatik tare da haɗin hydraulic.

Jiki da ɗaga kai yana tallafawa jikin ƙarfe duka, firam da ƙananan bayanan martaba waɗanda aka lulluɓe su zuwa ga jiki, akushin gaba tare da baƙin fata biyu da maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓuka, ƙarin abubuwan roba na roba, mai sanya kwalliya, axle na baya mai jujjuyawar baya, abubuwan da ke karkatar da maɓuɓɓugan abubuwa, mai daidaitawa, tuƙi tare da dunƙule ball watsawa, ƙarin tuƙin wuta, birki mai taya huɗu, ƙafafun 5,5J x 14, tayoyi 175 SR 14.

MUTANE DA NAUYI Tsawon 4680 mm, nisa 1770 mm, tsayi 1440 mm, gaban / gaban hanya 1448/1440 mm, keken hannu 2750 mm, nauyin net 1405 kg, tanki 65 l.

HALAYE NA DYNAMIC DA KYAUTA Max. gudun 175 km / h, 0-100 km / h a cikin dakika 13,2, amfani da mai (fetur 95) 14 l / 100 km.

RANAR KYAUTA DA YAWAITA Model W 114/115, daga 200 D zuwa 280 E, 1967-1976, kwafi 1, wanda 840 da 753/230 - 230 kofe.

NSU Ro 80, manuf. 1975 shekara

MOTOR Model NSU / Wankel KKM 612, Wankel twin-rotor engine tare da sanyaya ruwa da kuma tsotsa gefe, zagaye na huɗu na aiki, zagayen baƙin ƙarfe mai ruwan toka, ɗakin trochoidal tare da ruɓaɓɓen rufi, faranti na hatimi mai nauyi, 2 x 497 cm3 ɗakuna, 115 hp. daga. a 5500 rpm, matsakaicin karfin juyi 158 Nm a 4000 rpm, tsarin shafawa na tilas, man injin lita 6,8, lita 3,6 ya sauya girma, famfon mitar don ƙarin lubrication tare da asarar aiki. Solex 35 DDIC a tsaye yana kwararar carburetor mai daki biyu tare da farawa ta atomatik, wutar lantarki ta thyristor, wutar walƙiya ɗaya akan kowane gida, tsabtace iskar gas tare da famfon iska da ɗakin konewa, tsarin shaye shaye tare da bututu ɗaya.

HANYAR WUTA Turin gaba, zaɓaɓɓen watsawa ta atomatik - watsa mai sauri uku, kama busasshen faranti ɗaya na atomatik da mai jujjuyawa.

Jiki da ɗaga kai yana tallafawa jikin ƙarfe duka, gaban goshi tare da maɓuɓɓugan da aka haɗa tare da mahaukata masu ruɗa kai (Nauyin strut na MacPherson), hanyoyin wucewa, kwanciyar hankali, axle na baya tare da karkatar da matakala, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, ƙarin robar roba mai motsa jiki da tuƙi, ƙarin birki mai aiki da ruwa tare da birki guda huɗu , Mai sarrafa karfin birki, ƙafafun 5J x 14, tayoyi 175 hp goma sha huɗu.

MUTANE DA NAUYI Tsawon 4780 mm, nisa 1760 mm, tsayi 1410 mm, gaban / gaban hanya 1480/1434 mm, keken hannu 2860 mm, nauyin net 1270 kg, tanki 83 l.

HALAYE NA DYNAMIC DA KYAUTA Max. gudun 180 km / h, 0-100 km / h a cikin dakika 14, amfani da mai (fetur 92) 16 l / 100 km.

WA'AZIN KYAUTA DA YAWAITA NSU Ro 80 - daga 1967 zuwa 1977, jimillar kwafi 37.