Gwajin gwajin Alfa Spider, Mazda MX-5 da MGB: barka da zuwa kulob din

Uku Roadsters tare da Tabbacin Hanyar XNUMX%

Ƙananan, haske da iska, MX-5 ya ƙunshi maƙasudin hanyar hanya - dalilin da ya isa ya dauki ɗakin zama na Japan guda biyu a kan tafiya tare da samfurori guda biyu da aka kafa a cikin nau'in.

A cewar wasu, ya kamata wannan samfurin ya ci gaba da ɗaukar wasu shekaru har sai ya ɗauki matsayin da ya dace a duniyar gargajiyar kera motoci daidai da tsarinsa na tarihi. Duk da haka, mun yi imani da cewa Mazda MX-5 na bukatar wani sosai tsanani hali - har ma a yau. A lokaci guda kuma, ba shi yiwuwa a gane cancantar masu zanen sa. Domin ci gaban mota a cikin 80s, wanda nau'in nau'in nau'in ya yi la'akari da shi kusan bacewa a cikin wannan shekaru goma, shaida ce ga babban ƙarfin hali.

Mazda MX-5 yayi gasa tare da zane-zane daga shekara 60.

A gefe guda, ƙananan kujeru biyu wanda, bayan shekaru goma na ci gaba, an gabatar da shi a cikin 1989 a Amurka a matsayin Miata da kuma shekara guda a Turai a matsayin MX-5, ba dole ba ne ya ji tsoron gasa mai tsanani. . Wata babbar tawaga ta ’yan sandan Ingila sun dade a zagaye na uku. Alfa Romeo da Fiat ne kawai har yanzu suna ba da ƙananan motocin buɗaɗɗen kujeru biyu da ake kira "Spiders", amma galibi sun koma shekarun 60s. Waɗanda ke da kuɗi da yawa za su iya samun Mercedes SL (R 107), amma yanzu ba ta cikin matsayi. Kuma ƙaƙƙarfan halinsa yana da nisa daga ainihin ra'ayin Spartan roadster a matsayin Masarautar Birtaniyya ta yankin Indiya.

A bayyane yake, lokaci ya yi da zamani, mai rahusa kuma abin dogaro mai hanya, kuma Mazda yana yin abin da ya dace. A wasu kalmomin, tare da MX-5, sun bar duk abin da ke sa tuki ba dole ba. Misali, yawan nauyi. Ara da wannan sune fasalin motar motsa jiki na gargajiya, kujeru biyu kawai da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi na ƙirar ƙira.

Babban nasarar ta ba Mazda mamaki

A Amurka, sha'awar direban hanya yana tashi kamar bam. Ana maimaita irin wannan a cikin kasuwar Jamus - ana sayar da rukunin shekara-shekara na tayin a cikin kwanaki uku. Za a yi shekaru kafin masu fafatawa su fahimci irin kasuwancin da suka samu riba. Daga ƙarni na farko tare da nadi na ciki NA har zuwa 1998, an sayar da raka'a 431. Farfaɗowar ƴan sandar hanya ba shakka cancantar Jafananci ne.

Amma shin MX-5 na farko - duk da kasancewar nasarar kasuwanci - yana da halaye na cancantar wakilin dangin titin? Don fayyace wannan batu, mun gayyaci motoci uku don tafiya ta tsaunin Jura na Swabian. Tabbas, aƙalla ɗaya daga cikinsu ya zama ɗan Burtaniya. MGB, shekara ta ƙira 1974, ƙwararriyar hanya ce ta purist tare da yawancin fasahar da ke komawa shekarun 50s. Kusa da shi akwai baƙar fata 2000 Alfa Spider 1975 Fastback a matsayin irin amsar Italiyanci mai ban sha'awa ga ƙirar ƙirar titin Birtaniyya.

MG jarumi ne macho na uku

Kilomita na farko don dumama injinan. Yayin da Mazda da Alfa, waɗanda injinan su ke da camshafts guda biyu, suna ba da rahoto cikin sauri kan faɗakarwa, ƙaramin ƙarfe na ƙarfe MG powerplant yana ɗaukar mintuna da yawa don ƙarshe canzawa zuwa aiki mai laushi. Injin na'urar daukar hoto mai hayaniya mai silinda hudu ya yi kaurin suna a matsayin na'ura mai karancin kulawa, amma wacce bai kamata a yi la'akari da ita ba. Ƙarfin dawakai 95 da wani tsaunin da ba a taɓa ƙarewa ba wanda ke farawa sama da zaman banza. Idan aka kwatanta da motocin Alfa da Mazda, rukunin Ingilishi babu shakka macho ne - yaron da ke tsibirin yana jin karami, karkatacce kuma mai kutse.

Don haka, injin ya dace daidai da abin hangen nesa na abin hawa. Samfurin B ba ze damu da yawa game da yanayin sararin samaniya ba ko wasu abubuwan la'akari na zamani. Tare da wani nau'i wanda babu kayan adon da ba dole ba, wannan mutumin ya fi so ya nuna fallasa ƙarancin radiyon a kan iska, wanda, haɗe shi da fitilun zagaye da ƙaho biyu a saman damben, ya ba fuskarsa mummunar magana.

Fushin matukin jirgi mai tashi MG ya sha bamban. Yana murna kamar yaro a gaban tebur tare da kyaututtuka waɗanda, godiya ga layin cinya da ƙananan gilashin gilashi, ya ba shi damar zama cikin iska. Ba shi da wata damuwa a gare shi cewa a cikin ruwan sama kwatsam sai ya jika har zuwa kashi, saboda malami ya shimfida kamar alfarwa don dozin San Samari. Ko wancan, a da, babu wanda ya yi tunani game da ma'anar da maƙasudin abubuwa kamar ɗumi ko iska. A matsayinka na mai son bin hanya, tabbas zai iya fuskantar abubuwa da yawa.

Shi kuma mutumin da ke bayan motar ya kalli wannan kyakkyawar kyakyawan dashboard mai lacquered, yayin da, duk da ganyen da ke gangarowa a bayan gatari, motarsa ​​tana birgima ta kusurwoyi tare da kwarjini, kamar an manne da pavement. Hannunsa na dama yana kan lever mai gajeren gajere - kuma ya san ya mallaki ɗayan mafi kyawun akwatunan gear da aka taɓa sanyawa a cikin mota. Kuna so ku canza tare da ma fi guntu kuma mafi tsayi? Yana yiwuwa kuma shekaru daga baya tare da MX-5, amma za mu yi magana game da cewa daga baya.

Alpha iko? Tabbas kwarjininta

Ba kamar MG ba tare da zagaye na gaba da madaidaiciyar murfin plexiglass, Alfa Spider yana gaishe ku da murmushi kuma yana lashe zuciyar ku da fara'arta ta Kudu maimakon harin kai tsaye. An gabatar da shi a cikin 1970, ƙarni na biyu na Spider, wanda ake kira Coda tronca (gajeren wutsiya) a Italiya, ya fi son wanda ya gabace shi. Kuna jin kamar shaida a cikin Alfa Romeo roadster fiye da a cikin MG, idanunku suna jan hankali zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ice cream-kamar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ice-cream da ƙarin kyawawan bugun kira guda uku akan na'urar wasan bidiyo na cibiyar - kuma guru na iya, idan dole, a rufe shi, kashi ɗaya na hasken ababen hawa. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɗan hanya na Ingilishi yana jin ɗan ƙaura ga Spider, amma wannan na iya zama wani ɓangare na bambancin shekaru tsakanin samfuran biyu.

Dayawa sunyi imanin cewa tare da injin cc na 2000. Duba a ƙarƙashin kaho don wannan Alfa, wanda ake iya cewa shine mafi ƙarfin ikon amfani da karfi da ake samu a tsararrun Span gizo-gizo guda huɗu tsakanin 1966 da 1993. Imar iko ta bambanta ta masana'anta da ƙasa; a cikin Jamus bisa ga DIN ya kasance 132 hp, kuma tun daga 1975 kawai 125 hp.

Hatta iskar gas na farko da ba a tabbatar da shi ba yana haifar da hayaniya mai tsauri na rukunin tare da camshafts sama da biyu. Wannan aboki ba kawai mesmerizing ba, amma har ma yana riƙe da m. A lokaci guda iling har zuwa game da 5000 rpm. Halayen wutar lantarki na injin XNUMX-lita suna da kyau ga dukan na'ura - tare da ikon motsa jiki, amma ba tare da buƙatar sauyawa akai-akai ba. Kuma wannan abu ne mai kyau, saboda hanyoyin lever daga wannan kaya zuwa na gaba na iya zama kamar maras iyaka, kuma ba kawai ta fuskar direban MGB ba. Koyaya, a cikin jujjuyawar Jurassic na Swabian, hanyar Ingilishi ta kasance da ƙarfi a haɗe zuwa bayan Spider duk da ƙarancin ƙarfinsa. Sai kawai a kan saukowa, Alpha yana kulawa don cin gajiyar ƙaramin fa'ida: huɗu maimakon birki na diski guda biyu.

Roadster ji a cikin MX-5

Idan ya zo ga tsere na ainihi, MX-5 na iya tsere sauran a sauƙaƙe a kan cikakken laps. Kuma wannan duk da cewa injin lita 1,6 ne kawai 90 hp. mafi rauni a saman ukun. Koyaya, a 955kg, wannan motar ita ce mafi haske a cikin ukun, kuma tana da tsarin sarrafawa wanda yake ɗan juyayi amma kuma yana aiki da shugabanci sosai. Tare da shi, ƙaramar mota mai kujera biyu koyaushe ana iya kawo shi daidai inda direba yake so ya kasance, kafin ya shiga juzu'i na gaba. Don haka MX-5 a zahiri yana kan hanya yayin tuƙi.

A cikin kayan aikinta na cikin gida, MX-5 an iyakance ga mahimman abubuwa: mai auna sauri, tachometer da ƙananan ƙananan ma'auni guda uku, da kuma levers uku a dama da kuma sarrafa biyu don samun iska da dumama jiki. Rufin, ba shakka, an rufe shi da hannu, amma na sakan 20 kawai, kuma ƙari, yana da suna don kasancewa mara ruwa a cikin ruwan sama. Direban yana ɗan zaune sama da hanya kuma tabbas yana jin daɗin cewa akwatin MX-5 yana da ɗan gajeren saurin sauyawa fiye da akwatin MGB.

Zai zama kamar ba shi yiwuwa a ƙi fahimtar MX-5 a matsayin ci gaba na ci gaba na asalin ra'ayin hanyar mota da maraba da shi zuwa da'irar ƙirar zamani. Ya cancanci hakan.

ƙarshe

Edita Michael Schroeder: Kuna iya tuka MX-5 kamar MGB (nauyi mai nauyi, babban kwalliya, iska a gashin ku) ba tare da sadaukarwa da jin daɗin rayuwar Alfa Romeo na yau da kullun ba (guru mai sauri, iska mai kyau da ɗumi). Don haka, Mazda masu zane-zane sun sami damar sake fassarar duk kyawawan halayen kyawawan tituna kuma sun ƙirƙira motar da babu shakka ta mallaki halayen da ake buƙata don zama samfurin zamani.

bayanan fasaha

Alfa Romeo Spider 2000 Fastback

InjinInjin mai-huɗu mai-huɗu mai ruwa-mai-huɗu-huɗu, injin gami da toshe, crankshaft tare da manyan lamuran guda biyar, ɗakunan kwalliya guda biyu da aka sarƙaƙu da sarƙaƙu, bawul ɗin waje guda biyu a kowace silinda, masu ɗaukar hoto biyu na Weber.

Imar aiki: 1962 cm³

Bore x Buguwa: 84 x 88,5mm

Powerarfi: 125 hp a 5300 rpm

Matsakaici. karfin juyi: 178 Nm @ 4400 rpm

Matsawa rabo: 9,0: 1

Man injin 5,7 l

Isar da wutar lantarkiMotar baya-dabaran, farantin karfe daya mai bushe, gearbox mai saurin gudu biyar.

Jiki da katako

Tallafawa duk ƙarfe, kai, tsutsa da abin nadi ko tuƙin juyawa, birki na gaba da baya

Gabatarwa: dakatarwa mai zaman kanta tare da membobin giciye, maɓuɓɓugan maɓallin ruwa da mai kwantar da hankali, masu ɗaukar girgizar telescopic.

A baya: daskararren axle, dogayen katako, T-katako, maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masu ɗauke da girgizar telescopic.

Elsaura: 5½ J14

Tayoyi: 165 HR 14.

Girma da nauyi

Length x nisa x tsawo: 4120 x 1630 x 1290 mm

Alkama: 2250 mm

Weight: 1040 kg

Dynamic yi da farashiMatsakaicin iyakar: 193,5 km / h

Hanzari daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h: 9,8 sec.

Amfani: lita 10,8 lita 95 na mai a kowace kilomita 100.

Lokacin samarwa da zagayawa

Ga 1966 zuwa 1993, Duetto zuwa 1970, kimanin kofi 15; Fastback a shekarar 000, kimanin kofi 1983; Aerodinamica kafin 31, kimanin kofi 000; Jerin 1989 game da samfurin 37.

Mazda MX-5 1.6 / 1.8, samfurin NA

Injin

Sanya-silinda mai-ruwa-huɗu a cikin layi mai inji huɗu, baƙin ƙarfe mai toka mai haske, kan silin ɗin gami mai haske, ƙwanƙwasawa mai ɗauke da manyan marika guda biyar, bel ɗin lokaci guda biyu da aka tura sama da camshafts, bawuloli huɗu a kowace silinda da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar jan lantarki, ta hanyar lantarki fetur, mai kara kuzari

Hijira: 1597/1839 cm³

Bore x Buguwa: 78 x 83,6 / 83 x 85mm

Powerarfi: 90/115/130 hp a 6000/6500 rpm

Max. karfin juyi: 130/135/155 Nm a 4000/5500/4500 rpm

Matsakaicin matsawa: 9 / 9,4 / 9,1: 1.

Isar da wutar lantarki

Motar baya-dabaran, farantin karfe daya mai bushe, gearbox mai saurin gudu biyar.

Jiki da katakoTallafawa kai duk ƙarfe, birki mai taya huɗu. Ackauki da Tsarin Gudanar da Powerarfi

Gaba da baya: dakatarwa mai zaman kanta tare da keɓaɓɓiyar taya mai taya uku, maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masu ɗaukewar girgizar telescopic da masu daidaitawa

Wheafafun: aluminum, 5½ J 14

Tayoyi: 185/60 R 14.

Girma da nauyi Length x nisa x tsawo: 3975 x 1675 x 1230 mm

Alkama: 2265 mm

Nauyin nauyi: kilogiram 955, tanki 45 l.

Dynamic yi da farashi

Matsakaicin iyakar: 175/195/197 km / h

Hanzari daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h: 10,5 / 8,8 / 8,5 s

Man fetur 8/9 lita 91/95 a kowace kilomita 100.

Lokacin samarwa da zagayawaDaga 1989 zuwa 1998 samfurin Mazda MX-5 NA, 433 a cikin duka.

MGB

InjinSanya-silinda mai ruwa mai huɗu a cikin layi mai inji huɗu, baƙin silin ɗin baƙin ƙarfe mai toka da toshe, pre-1964 crankshaft mai uku, sa'annan manyan manyan biranen guda biyar, ƙaramin kamshaft ɗaya wanda sarkar lokaci ke tukawa, bawul biyu a kowace silinda da ke hawa ta hawa , sandunan ɗagawa da dutsen makamai, ɗayan carburetors Semi-tsaye SU XC 4

Imar aiki: 1798 cm³

Bore x Buguwa: 80,3 x 88,9mm

Powerarfi: 95 hp a 5400 rpm

Matsakaici. karfin juyi: 144 Nm @ 3000 rpm

Matsawa rabo: 8,8: 1

Man injin: 3,4 / 4,8 l.

Isar da wutar lantarki

Motar baya-dabaran, farantin karfe mai ɗauke da madaidaiciya, gearbox mai saurin gudu huɗu, bisa zaɓi tare da overdrive.

Jiki da katakoTaimakawa duk ƙarfin ƙarfe, gaban diski, birki na baya, takunkumi da tuƙi

Gabatarwa: dakatarwa mai zaman kanta tare da ƙafafun fata biyu, maɓuɓɓugan maɓalli da maƙallan

A baya: axle mara ƙarfi tare da maɓuɓɓugan ganye, ƙasusuwan fata akan dukkan ƙafafun ƙafafun Wheels: 4½ J 14

Taya: 5,60 x 14.

Girma da nauyi Length x nisa x tsawo: 3890 x 1520 x 1250 mm

Alkama: 2310 mm

Weight: 961 kg

Tank: 55 l.

Dynamic yi da farashiMatsakaicin iyakar: 172 km / h

Hanzari daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h: 12,6 sec.

Amfani: lita 10 lita 95 na mai a kowace kilomita 100.

Lokacin samarwa da zagayawaDaga 1962 zuwa 1980, an samar da 512, wanda 243 suka kasance manyan tituna.

Rubutu: Michael Schroeder

Hotuna: Arturo Rivas