Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?
Yanayin atomatik,  Articles,  Kayan abin hawa,  Aikin inji

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Wasu tsarin abin hawa suna buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki don aiki. Wasu suna amfani da ƙaramin ɓangaren makamashi kawai, misali, kawai don aikin firikwensin aiki ɗaya. Sauran tsarin suna da rikitarwa kuma basa iya aiki ba tare da wutar lantarki ba.

Misali, don fara inji a baya, direbobi sunyi amfani da ƙulli na musamman. An saka shi cikin ramin da aka nufa da shi, tare da taimakon ƙarfin jiki, an juya ƙwanƙwasa injin ɗin. Ba za ku iya amfani da irin wannan tsarin a cikin motocin zamani ba. Madadin wannan hanyar, ana haɗa Starter zuwa kwandon tashi. Wannan sinadarin yana amfani da na yanzu don juya kwandon jirgi.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Don samar da dukkan tsarin mota da wutar lantarki, masana'antun sun tanadi don amfani da batir. Mun riga munyi la'akari da yadda za'a kula da wannan ɓangaren. a cikin ɗayan bita na baya... Yanzu bari muyi magana game da nau'ikan batura masu caji.

Menene baturi

Bari mu fara fahimtar kalmomin. Batirin mota shine tushen yau da kullun don cibiyar sadarwar lantarki ta mota. Yana da damar adana wutar lantarki yayin da injin ke gudana (ana amfani da janareta don wannan aikin).

Na'urar sauya caji ce Idan an sake shi ta yadda ba za a iya kunna motar ba, an cire batirin an haɗa shi da caja, wanda ke aiki a kan wutar lantarki ta gida. An bayyana wasu hanyoyin da za'a fara injin lokacin da aka dasa baturin a nan.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Dogaro da samfurin abin hawa, ana iya shigar da batirin a cikin sashin injin, ƙarƙashin ƙasa, a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen alkuki a waje da motar ko a cikin akwati.

Na'urar baturi

Batir mai sake caji ya kunshi sel da yawa (wanda ake kira bankin batir). Kowane tantanin halitta yana da faranti. Kowane platinum yana ɗaukar caji mai kyau ko mara kyau. Akwai mai raba su na musamman a tsakanin su. Yana hana gajeren da'ira tsakanin faranti.

Don kara wurin sadarwa na wutan lantarki, kowane farantin yana da kama da layin grid. An yi shi da gubar An danna wani abu mai aiki a cikin lattice, wanda ke da tsari mai laushi (wannan yana ƙaruwa yankin tuntuɓar farantin).

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Farantin mai tabbatacce yana hade da gubar da kuma sulfuric acid. Barium sulfate an haɗa shi a cikin tsarin farantin mara kyau. Yayin aikin caji, sinadarin farantin karfe tabbatacce ya canza kayan aikinsa, kuma ya zama gubar dioxide. Farantin sandar mara kyau ya zama farantin gubar talaka. Lokacin da aka cire cajan, tsarin farantin yakan koma yadda yake na asali kuma yanayin sunadarai ya canza.

Ana zuba wutan lantarki a cikin kowace kwalba. Wani abu ne mai ruwa wanda yake dauke da ruwa da ruwa. Ruwan yana haifar da tasirin sinadarai tsakanin faranti, wanda daga yanzu ne ake samar da wani abu.

Duk ƙwayoyin batir suna cikin gida. An yi shi da nau'in filastik na musamman wanda ke da tsayayya ga tasirin yau da kullun zuwa yanayin acidic mai aiki.

Ka'idar aikin batirin ajiya (mai tarawa)

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Batirin mota yana amfani da motsi na ƙananan abubuwa don samar da wutar lantarki. Akwai matakai daban-daban guda biyu a cikin baturin, wanda za'a iya amfani da tushen wuta tsawon lokaci:

  • Batteryananan baturi. A wannan gaba, abu mai aiki yana sanya farantin (anode), wanda ke haifar da sakin electron. Wadannan barbashi ana kai su zuwa farantin na biyu - cathode. A sakamakon wani sinadari, aka saki wutar lantarki;
  • Cajin baturi. A wannan matakin, akasin haka yake faruwa - electrons suna juyewa zuwa proton kuma abu yana canza su - daga cathode zuwa anode. A sakamakon haka, an sake dawo da faranti, wanda ke ba da izinin fitowar mai zuwa.

Nau'i da nau'ikan batura

Akwai batura iri-iri da yawa awannan zamanin. Sun banbanta da juna a kayan faranti da kuma abin da ke cikin wutan lantarki. Ana amfani da nau'ikan acid na gubar gargajiya a cikin motoci, amma akwai lokuta da yawa na aikace-aikacen sabbin fasahohi. Anan ga wasu siffofin wannan da sauran nau'ikan batir.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Na gargajiya ("antimony")

Batirin gubar-acid, faranti wadanda nauyinsu ya kai kashi 5 ko fiye. An kara wannan sinadarin ne a cikin wayoyin don kara karfinsu. Wutar lantarki a cikin irin wadatar wutar lantarki ita ce ta farko. A lokaci guda, ana sakin isasshen adadin kuzari, amma faranti suna saurin lalacewa (aikin ya fara riga a 12 V).

Babban rashin dacewar irin wannan bati shine babban sakin iskar oxygen da hydrogen (kumfar iska), wanda yake haifar da ruwa daga gwangwani ya kwashe. A saboda wannan dalili, duk batirin antimon yana da amfani - aƙalla sau ɗaya a wata, kana buƙatar bincika matakin da ƙarfin wutan lantarki. Tabbatarwar ya haɗa da ƙarin ruwa mai narkewa, idan ya cancanta, don kada faranti su bayyana.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Ba'a amfani da irin waɗannan batura a cikin motoci don sauƙaƙawa yadda zai yiwu ga direba ya kula da motar. Anaananan analogs na antimony sun maye gurbin irin waɗannan batura.

Antananan antimony

An rage girman yawan kwayar magani a cikin kayan faranti don rage tafiyar da aikin danshin ruwa. Wani abin lura kuma shine cewa batirin baya yin saurin gudu sakamakon ajiyar shi. Irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren ana rarraba su azaman ƙarancin kulawa ko nau'ikan waɗanda ba su kula da su.

Wannan yana nufin cewa mai motar ba ya buƙatar duba ƙimar wutar lantarki da ƙararta kowane wata. Kodayake ba za a iya kiransu gaba ɗaya ba tare da kulawa ba, tunda ruwan da ke cikinsu har yanzu yana tafasa, kuma dole ne a sake cika ƙarar.

Amfanin irin waɗannan batura shine rashin fa'idarsu ga cin kuzari. A cikin hanyar sadarwar mota, tashin hankali da saukad na iya faruwa, amma wannan baya tasiri tasirin tushen, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da alli ko gel analog.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

A saboda wannan dalili, waɗannan batura sun fi dacewa da motocin gida waɗanda ba za su iya yin alfaharin samun kayan aiki tare da ingantaccen makamashi ba. Hakanan sun dace da masu motoci da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga.

Alli

Wannan gyare-gyare ne na ƙananan batirin antimony. Sai kawai maimakon ƙunsar antimony, ana ƙara alli cikin faranti. Haka kuma, wannan kayan yana daga cikin wayoyin sandunan biyu. Ana nuna Ca / Ca akan alamar irin wannan batirin. Don rage juriya ta ciki, ana yin rufin faranti masu aiki a wasu lokuta da azurfa (wani ƙaramin yanki ne na abun ciki).

Ofarin alli ya ƙara rage gas yayin aikin batir. Karfin lantarki da girmansa a cikin irin wadannan gyare-gyare na tsawon lokacin aiki ba ya bukatar a bincika shi kwata-kwata, saboda haka ana kiran su kyauta-ba ta gyarawa.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Wannan nau'in samar da wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa da kashi 70 cikin ɗari (idan aka kwatanta shi da canjin da aka yi a baya) wanda ya shafi sallama daga kai. Godiya ga wannan, ana iya adana su na dogon lokaci, misali, yayin ajiyar kayan aiki na hunturu.

Wata fa'idar kuma ita ce basu da tsoron yin karin caji, tunda wutar lantarki a cikinsu bata fara a 12 ba, amma a 16 V.

Duk da fannoni da yawa masu kyau, batirin alli suna da manyan illoli masu yawa:

  • Yawan kuzarin yana raguwa idan an gama shi kwata-kwata sau biyu sannan aka sake shi daga karce. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ma'aunin yana raguwa sosai cewa batirin yana buƙatar sauyawa, tunda ƙarfinsa bai isa ba don aikin al'ada na kayan aikin da aka haɗa da cibiyar sadarwar mota;
  • Increasedarin ingancin samfurin yana buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi, wanda ya sa ba za a iya samun dama ga masu amfani da matsakaita kuɗin shiga ba;
  • Babban filin aikace-aikacen motocin baƙi ne, tunda kayan aikinsu sun fi karko dangane da yawan kuzari (misali, fitilun gefe a lokuta da yawa suna kashe kansu kai tsaye, koda kuwa direban motar da gangan ya manta ya kashe su, wanda hakan kan haifar da cikakken cajin batirin);
  • Aikin batir yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa, amma tare da kulawar abin hawa mai kyau (amfani da kayan aiki masu inganci da mai da hankali zuwa cikakken fitarwa), wannan batirin zai daɗe sosai fiye da takwararsa mai ƙananan antimony.

Matattara

Wadannan batura ana musu lakabi da Ca +. Faranti ne matasan a cikin wannan gyare-gyare. Kyakkyawan zai iya haɗawa da antimony, da kuma mummunan - alli. Dangane da inganci, irin waɗannan batura ba su kai na waɗanda suke da alli ba, amma ruwan yana tafasa a cikinsu da yawa ƙasa da waɗanda ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Irin waɗannan batura ba sa wahala sosai daga cikakken fitarwa, kuma ba sa jin tsoron yin caji. Kyakkyawan zaɓi idan zaɓin kasafin kuɗi bai gamsar da fasaha ba, kuma babu wadataccen kuɗi don analog ɗin alli.

Gel, AGM

Wadannan batura suna amfani da gel electrolyte. Akwai dalilai biyu a bayan ƙirƙirar waɗannan batura:

  • Wutan lantarki na batir na al'ada zai fita da sauri lokacin da lamarin ya baci. Wannan yana cike ne kawai ba tare da lalata dukiya ba (jikin mota zai lalace da sauri), amma kuma yana iya haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam yayin da direba ke ƙoƙarin yin wani abu;
  • Bayan ɗan lokaci, farantin, saboda aiki na rashin kulawa, suna iya rushewa (zubewa).

An kawar da waɗannan matsalolin ta amfani da wutan lantarki.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

A cikin gyare-gyaren AGM, an saka wani abu mai laushi a cikin na'urar, wanda ke riƙe gel a kusa da faranti, yana hana samuwar ƙananan kumfa a cikin kusancin su.

Fa'idodin irin waɗannan batura sune:

  • Ba sa jin tsoron karkata - ba za a iya samun wannan ga samfuran da ke dauke da lantarki mai lantarki ba, tunda a yayin aikin su, iska har yanzu tana samuwa a cikin lamarin, wanda, lokacin da aka juye shi, yana bayyana faranti;
  • An yarda da ajiyar dogon lokaci na batir mai caji, tunda suna da mafi ƙarancin fitowar fitarwa ta kai;
  • Duk tsawon zagayen tsakanin caji, yana samar da tsayayyen halin yanzu;
  • Ba sa jin tsoron cikakken fitarwa - ƙarfin baturi baya ɓata lokaci guda;
  • Rayuwar aiki na irin waɗannan abubuwan sun kai shekaru goma.

Baya ga fa'idodi, irin waɗannan batirin motar suna da manyan matsaloli da yawa waɗanda ke damun yawancin masu amfani waɗanda ke son girka su a motarsu:

  • Whawuri mai ƙarfi don caji - wannan yana buƙatar yin amfani da caja na musamman waɗanda ke ba da tabbaci da ƙananan caji na yanzu;
  • Ba a yarda da saurin caji ba;
  • A cikin yanayin sanyi, ingancin batir ya ragu sosai, tunda gel yana rage kayan aikin maduginsa lokacin sanyaya;
  • Motar dole ne ta kasance tana da tsayayyen janareta, saboda haka, ana amfani da irin waɗannan gyare-gyare a cikin manyan motoci;
  • Babban farashi.

Alkaline

Ana iya cika batirin mota da acid kawai ba amma kuma alkaline electrolyte. Madadin gubar, faranti a cikin waɗannan gyare-gyaren an yi su ne da nickel da cadmium ko nickel da ƙarfe. Ana amfani da sinadarin potassium hydroxide a matsayin mai gudanar da aiki.

Wutan lantarki a cikin irin wadannan bati ba ya bukatar a sake cika su, tunda ba ya tafasa yayin aiki. Idan aka kwatanta da takwarorin aikin acid, irin waɗannan batura suna da fa'idodi masu zuwa:

  • Ba ji tsoron overdischarge;
  • Ana iya adana batirin a cikin yanayin fitarwa, kuma ba zai rasa dukiyar sa ba;
  • Recharge ba shi da mahimmanci a gare su;
  • Stablearin kwanciyar hankali a ƙananan yanayin zafi;
  • Lessananan mai saukin kamuwa da zubar da kai;
  • Ba sa fitar da tururi mai lahani, wanda ke ba da izinin caji a yankin zama;
  • Suna adana ƙarin kuzari.
Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Kafin siyan irin wannan kwaskwarima, dole ne mai motar ya tantance ko a shirye yake ya yi wannan sulhun:

  • Batirin alkaline yana samar da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, saboda haka ana buƙatar gwangwani fiye da takwaransa na acid. A dabi'a, wannan zai shafi girman batirin, wanda zai samar da makamashi mai dacewa ga takamaiman hanyar sadarwa ta jirgin;
  • Babban farashi;
  • Ya fi dacewa da gogayya fiye da ayyukan farawa.

Li-ion

Mafi haɓaka a yanzu shine zaɓuɓɓukan lithium-ion. Har zuwa ƙarshe, har yanzu ba a kammala wannan fasaha ba - abubuwan da ke cikin faranti masu aiki koyaushe suna canzawa, amma abin da ake gudanar da gwaje-gwajen shi ne ion lithium.

Dalilan irin wadannan canje-canje sun kara aminci yayin aiki (alal misali, sinadarin lithium ya zama mai fashewa), haka kuma raguwar yawan guba (gyare-gyare tare da tasirin manganese da lithium oxide suna da babban yawan yawan guba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba za a iya kiran motocin lantarki akan irin wadannan abubuwa "koren" ba jigilar kaya)

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Waɗannan batura an tsara su don zama tsayayye kuma mai aminci kamar yadda zai yiwu don zubar dashi. Fa'idodin wannan ƙirar sun haɗa da:

  • Capacityarfin aiki mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da batura iri ɗaya;
  • Mafi ƙarfin lantarki (banki ɗaya na iya samar da 4 V, wanda ya ninka na wancan na analog ɗin "na gargajiya");
  • Kadan mai saukin kamuwa da sallamar kai.

Duk da waɗannan fa'idodi, irin waɗannan batura ba su da ikon yin gasa tare da sauran analog. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan:

  • Suna aiki mara kyau a cikin sanyi (a yanayin zafi mara kyau yakan sauke shi da sauri);
  • Fewan kaɗan lokacin cajin / fitarwa (har zuwa ɗari biyar);
  • Ajiye batirin yana haifar da asarar kuzari - a cikin shekaru biyu zai ragu da kashi 20 cikin ɗari;
  • Suna jin tsoron cikakken fitarwa;
  • Yana ba da ƙarfi mara ƙarfi don a iya amfani dashi azaman farkon abu - kayan aikin zasuyi aiki na dogon lokaci, amma babu wadataccen ƙarfi don fara motar.

Akwai wani ci gaban da suke son aiwatarwa a cikin motocin lantarki - supercapacitor. Af,, an riga an ƙirƙiri motocin da ke aiki a kan irin wannan batirin, duk da haka, suna da rashi da yawa da zai hana su yin gasa tare da batir masu haɗari da haɗari. Irin wannan ci gaba da motar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita ta wannan hanyar wutar lantarki an bayyana ta a cikin wani bita.

Rayuwar batir

Kodayake har zuwa yau, ana ci gaba da bincike don inganta ƙwarewa da amincin batura don hanyar sadarwar jirgin, har zuwa yanzu mashahuri sune zaɓin acid.

Wadannan dalilai suna shafar rayuwar batir:

  • Yanayin zafin da ake amfani da shi wurin samar da wuta;
  • Na'urar batir;
  • Inganta janareto da aiki;
  • Gyara baturi;
  • Yanayin hawa;
  • Amfani da wuta lokacin da kayan aikin ke kashe.

Bayanin adana batir mara amfani a nan.

Baturi a cikin mota - menene wannan?

Yawancin batirin acid suna da ƙaramar rayuwar aiki - waɗanda suka fi inganci, koda kuwa an kiyaye duk dokokin aiki, zasu yi aiki daga shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai. Mafi yawancin lokuta waɗannan samfuran marasa kulawa ne. Ana sanin su da sunan alama - sanannun masana'antun basa lalata mutuncin su da samfuran ƙarancin inganci. Hakanan, irin wannan samfurin zai sami dogon lokacin garanti - aƙalla shekaru biyu.

Zaɓin kasafin kuɗi zai ɗauki tsawon shekaru uku, kuma garanti a gare su ba zai wuce watanni 12 ba. Bai kamata ku yi sauri zuwa wannan zaɓin ba, tunda ba shi yiwuwa a ƙirƙirar kyawawan halaye don aikin batir.

Kodayake ba shi yiwuwa a iya ƙayyade kayan aiki na tsawon shekaru, wannan daidai yake da batun tayoyin mota, wanda aka bayyana a wani labarin... Matsakaicin baturi dole ne ya gagara zagaye na caji 4 / fitarwa.

An bayyana ƙarin bayani game da rayuwar batir a cikin wannan bidiyon:

Har yaushe batirin mota zai yi aiki?

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene ma'anar baturi? Accumulator baturi - baturin ajiya. Wannan na'ura ce da ke samar da wutar lantarki da kanta don gudanar da ayyukan na'urorin lantarki mai cin gashin kanta a cikin mota.

Menene baturin yake yi? Lokacin da aka yi caji, wutar lantarki ta fara aikin sinadarai. Lokacin da ba a yi cajin baturi ba, ana kunna tsarin sinadarai don samar da wutar lantarki.

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