6 daga cikin wayo mafi yaudara a tarihin tashar jirgin sama

Marigayi Ayrton Senna yayi magana daidai lokacin da cewa "wanda ya zo na biyu shine na farko a cikin masu hasara." Zakarun na gaskiya za su yi wani abu don zama na farko, ko da sun yi ƙoƙarin lanƙwasa ƙa'idodi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.

A sa'i daya kuma, masu shirya gasar a shirye suke da su canja dokoki ba tare da gajiyawa ba, da gabatar da sababbi - a daya bangaren, don tabbatar da farawa cikin aminci, a daya bangaren kuma, don hana tsere mai tsayi da ban sha'awa. A cikin wannan wasan cat da linzamin kwamfuta na yau da kullun, wani lokaci suna samun mafita na gaske. Anan akwai manyan ƴan damfara guda shida a tarihin wasan motsa jiki, waɗanda R&T suka zaɓa.

Toyota a Gasar Ciniki ta Duniya ta 1995

Tsawon shekaru uku a jere, daga 1992 zuwa 1994, Toyota Celica Turbo ta mamaye WRC, inda ta lashe kambi sau daya kowannensu tare da Carlos Sainz, Juha Cancunen da Didier Oriol. A cikin 1995, masu shiryawa sun tsoma baki cikin hanzari kuma sun gabatar da "takunkumin faranti" na tilas don rage yawan iska zuwa turbocharger, gwargwadon iko, gwargwadon saurin da hatsarin.

Amma Injiniyoyin Toyota Team Europe suna neman wata dabara ta hanya don keta dokar, ta hanyar keta sandar takaitawa. Don haka kirkira, a zahiri, cewa masu binciken kawai sun kama su a tseren ƙarshe na lokacin 1995.

Toyota yayi amfani da daidai farantin da ka'idoji ke buƙata, kawai sanya shi akan takamaiman maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Suna tura shi kusan 5mm gaba daga turbocharger, wanda aka ba da izini, don haka yana samun iska kaɗan a gabansa - isa, a gaskiya, don tayar da wutar lantarki ta 50 horsepower. Amma zamba shine lokacin da masu binciken suka buɗe tsarin don duba ciki, suna kunna maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kuma farantin ya koma matsayinsa na asali.

Shugaban FIA Max Moseley ya kira shi "mafi girman zamba da na gani a motorsport cikin shekara 30." Amma, duk da yabo, an hukunta ƙungiyar, ba ta shiga cikin gasar ba har tsawon shekara guda.

Smokey Uniq a NASCAR, 1967-1968

Mun riga mun rubuta game da Henry "Smoky" Unique a matsayin daya daga cikin majagaba na adiabatic injuna. Amma a tarihin NASCAR, wannan jarumin da ke sanye da hular kawaye da bututu ya kasance mafi girma a kowane lokaci-a shirye yake ya zarce masu duba da kyakkyawan tunani.

A cikin shekarun 1960, Smokey ya yi gasa a cikin Chevrolet Chevelle mai tawali'u (hoto) a kan manyan kamfanonin masana'antar Ford da Chrysler.

A cikin 1968, an inganta motarsa ​​ta yadda masu binciken suka gano karya dokoki guda tara kuma suka dakatar da shi daga Dayton har sai da ya gyara su. Sai daya daga cikinsu ya yanke shawarar duba tankin kawai idan ya dauke ta daga motar. Wani fusataccen Smokey ya ce musu, “Kun rubuta goma ne kawai,” kuma a gaban idanunsu na mamaki, ya shiga motar babu tanki, ya kunna ta, ya tashi. Sa'an nan kuma sai ya zama cewa mai koyar da kai kuma ya gano yadda za a yi kusa da iyakar girman tanki - kawai ya ga cewa dokokin ba su ce komai game da bututun iskar gas ba, kuma ya sanya shi tsawon mita 3,4 da faɗin santimita biyar don saukar da wani bututun mai. karin 7 da 15 lita na fetur .

Red Bull Racing a cikin Formula 1, 2011-2014

Rukunin Red Bull guda huɗu na duniya tsakanin 2010 da 2013 sun kasance sakamakon ƙwarewar Sebastian Vettel da ikon injiniyoyin ƙungiyar don ƙirƙira sabbin lambobi a cikin launin toka na dokoki. A shekara ta 2011, lokacin da Vettel ya ci nasara 11 kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na 15 a cikin 19 farawa, motar an sanye shi da sassauƙa - kuma, bisa ga yawancin masu fafatawa, ba bisa ka'ida ba - reshe na gaba.

An hana abubuwa masu motsi a cikin F1 tun 1969. Amma injiniyoyin Red Bull sun tabbatar da cewa an gwada fikafikansu a cikin wani yanayi, kuma kawai yana jujjuya ne a ƙarƙashin manyan titin jirgin sama. Sirrin ya kasance a cikin sanadin hadewar carbon a hankali. Don haka, an bincika ƙungiyar a cikin 2011 da 2012. Amma a cikin 2013, FIA ta tsaurara bincike, kuma ana zargin al'adar ta daina. Duk da yake a farkon farawa a cikin 2014, an sake kama motocin Red Bull tare da maɓuɓɓuka masu lanƙwasa, an hukunta su da farawa daga jere na ƙarshe.

Brabham da Gordon Murray a cikin Formula 1, 1981

Layi tsakanin yaudara da kirkire-kirkire ya wanzu, amma koyaushe yana dusuwa. Amma a cikin 1981, Gordon Murray, wanda ya kirkiro McLaren F1 nan gaba, tabbas ya fahimci cewa yana tsallake dokoki da Brabham BT49C. Motar, wacce Murray ya kera, tana da dakatarwar hydropneumatic wanda zai bata damar sakin karin matsin lamba fiye da yadda aka bari. Lokacin da aka duba kafin farawa, abin hawa yana da izinin ƙasa na 6 cm, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin karɓa. Amma da zaran motar ta tashi da sauri, akwai isasshen matsin lamba a gaban fendon don dirka wasu daga cikin ruwan na ruwa a cikin tanki na tsakiya, ta yadda za a rage BT49C a kasa da iyaka.

Murray cikin dabara ya gyara tsarin ta yadda bayan kammalawa a madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, matsin ya sauka sai motar ta sake tashi. Kari akan haka, don dauke hankali daga dakatarwar, ya sanya akwatin da ake zargi da kebul din a kan motar. Nelson Piquet ya ci nasara a karo na uku a Argentina a 1981 tare da wannan Brabham. Sannan tsarin ya bayyana, amma ci gaban da aka samu ya isa Piquet ya ci taken, tare da maki guda a gaban Carlos Reuthemann.

McLaren a cikin Formula 1, 1997-98

Ronungiyar Ron Dennis ta kasance a cikin yanki mai launin toka don yanayi biyu saboda ƙafafun birki na biyu, wanda ya ba matukan jirgi Mika Hakkinen da David Coulthard damar kunna ɗaya daga cikin birki na baya idan ya cancanta. Ainihin ra'ayin ya fito ne daga injiniyan Ba'amurke Steve Nichols kuma an yi shi ne domin rage masu karamin karfi. Zai yiwu a gano shi kawai godiya ga mai ɗaukar hoto mai sa ido, wanda ya lura da faifan birki mai tsananin zafin jiki yana fitowa daga bi da bi.

Injiniyoyin McLaren daga baya suka yarda cewa wannan ƙirƙirarwar ta kawo musu rabin na biyu mai ban sha'awa. Kamar yadda ya saba, Ferrari ya ɗaga kururuwa mafi ƙarfi, bisa ga abin da Britishan wasan Burtaniya ya kirkira ya saɓa wa dokar hana kera motoci huɗu. FIA ta amince kuma ta dakatar da kafa na biyu a farkon lokacin 1998, wanda bai hana Mika Hakkinen cin gasa takwas da lashe taken McLaren ba.

Ford a Gasar Duniya ta Rally ta 2003

Air tare da mai daidai yake da ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, hukumomin gudanarwa na duk gasa motar motsa jiki suna ƙoƙarin hana izinin iska ga injunan. Mun ga Toyota ta magance wannan matsalar a cikin 1995. A 2003, Ford ya sake kawo wata dabara: Focus RS dinsu yayi amfani da iska mai sake juyawa. Injiniyoyi sun girka tanki na sirri a ƙarƙashin rufin bayan motar. An yi shi da gwal mai nauyin 2mm mai kauri, ya tara iska mai matse daga turbocharger lokacin da matukin jirgin ya danna gas.

Bayan haka, alal misali, a kan madaidaiciyar tsayi mai tsayi, matukin jirgin zai iya sakin iskar da ta tara, wacce ta koma wurin shan ta hanyar bututun titanium. Kuma tun yana tafiya a baya, wannan iska a zahiri ta wuce madaidaicin ma'aunin tilas. Wannan dan dabarar ta kara karfin da kashi 5% - wanda ya isa Marco Martin ya lashe wasanni biyu a kakar wasa ta bana kafin a sanar da wani wuri kuma an dakatar da shi a Australia.