Manyan Motoci 30 a Tarihi
Abubuwa
- 8 Chevrolet V-1955
- Lotus Bakwai, 1957
- Austin Mini, 1960
- 1961 Jaguar E-Type
- Chevrolet Corvette StingRay, 1963 дод
- Pontiac GTO, 1964
- Ford Mustang, 1965
- Lamborghini Miura, 1966
- BMW 2002, 1968
- Range Rover, 1970
- Ferrari 308 GTB, 1975
- Honda Yarjejeniyar, 1976
- 928, 1978
- Volkswagen Golf / Rabbit GTI, 1983
- Jeep Cherokee, 1985
Akwai ginshiƙi da yawa a can suna ƙoƙarin zaɓar samfuran mafi girma a cikin tarihin shekaru 135 na motar. Wasu daga cikinsu ana jayayya da kyau, wasu kuma hanya ce mai arha don samun hankali. Amma zaɓin Motar Amurka & Direba babu shakka na nau'in farko ne. Daya daga cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka fi girmamawa ta mota ya cika shekaru 65, kuma don girmama ranar tunawa, an zabo motoci 30 mafi ban mamaki da aka taba gwadawa. Zaɓin kawai ya shafi lokacin wanzuwar C / D, wato, daga 1955, don haka rashin motoci irin su Ford Model T, Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 B ko Bugatti 57 Atlantic ana iya fahimta.
8 Chevrolet V-1955
Har zuwa Maris 26, 1955, lokacin da wannan motar ta fara fitowa a cikin jerin NASCAR, Chevrolet ba ta da wata nasara ko ɗaya a cikin su. Amma motar motar V-8 ta gyara hakan daga farkon ƙaddamarwa don sanya alama mafi nasara a tarihin NASCAR. Yana iko da almara Chevy VXNUMX ƙaramin injin injina, wanda Car & Direba ke ɗaukar mafi girman ƙirar injin mota.
Lotus Bakwai, 1957
Shahararriyar taken Colin Chapman - "sauƙaƙa, sannan ƙara haske" - ba a taɓa gane shi ba kamar yadda yake a cikin tatsuniyar "Bakwai na Lotus". Bakwai yana da sauƙin amfani wanda abokan ciniki za su iya yin oda a cikin kwali kuma su haɗa shi a garejin nasu. Caterham, wanda har yanzu ke kera shi a ƙarƙashin lasisi, ya ci gaba da ba da wannan bambance-bambancen. Bambanci shine kawai a cikin injuna - samfuran farko sune daidaitattun a 36 horsepower, yayin da manyan nau'ikan suna haɓaka 75.
Austin Mini, 1960
Alec Isigonis, babban injiniyan ɗan Burtaniya haifaffen Girka kuma mahaifin Mini, yana da wani abu mai ban sha'awa don faɗi a cikin wata hira da New York Times ta 1964: “Ina tsammanin masu ƙirar motar ku a Amurka suna jin kunyar zanen motoci. ., kuma su yi iyakacin ƙoƙarinsu don ganin sun zama kamar wani abu dabam - kamar jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa ko jirgin sama ... A matsayina na injiniya, wannan ya ba ni kunya."
Mini Isygonis na tatsuniya ba ya ƙoƙarin yin kama da wani abu - ƙaramar mota ce da aka haifa daga rashin man fetur bayan rikicin Suez. Motar tana da tsayin mita 3 kawai, tare da matsakaicin ƙafafu a sasanninta don ingantacciyar kulawa kuma tare da injin 4-Silinda 848cc mai hawa-gefe. gani A lokacin akwai kananan motoci masu arziƙi da yawa, amma babu ɗayansu da ya ji daɗin tuƙi. – sabanin Mini. Nasarar da ya samu a Monte Carlo Rally a cikin 1960s a ƙarshe ya halatta matsayinsa a matsayin alamar mota.
1961 Jaguar E-Type
Ana samunsa a Arewacin Amurka azaman XK-E, wannan motar har yanzu mutane da yawa suna ɗauka ta zama mafi kyawun kowane lokaci. Amma gaskiyar ita ce a cikin sa an tsara shi don aiki. Burin mai zane Malcolm Sayer ya kasance sama da komai don cimma matsakaiciyar iska, ba kyakkyawa ba.
Koyaya, kamanni wani ɓangare ne kawai na sha'awar nau'in E-Type. A ƙarƙashinsa akwai ƙirar tseren nau'in D-Type da aka yi bincike tare da injin sama da silinda shida na kan layi wanda ke samar da ƙarfin dawakai 265 - adadi mai ban mamaki ga wannan zamanin. Baya ga wannan, Jaguar ya kasance mai rahusa sosai fiye da irin motocin Jamus ko Amurka na lokacin.
Chevrolet Corvette StingRay, 1963 дод
Motar motsa jiki mai taya-baya, injin V8 mai ƙarfi mai iko sama da 300, dakatarwa mai zaman kanta da kuma jikin da aka yi da kayan nauyi. Yi tunanin abin da ya faru lokacin da Chevrolet ya fara amfani da shi a karon farko na Corvette Stingray a cikin 1963. A lokacin, motocin Amurkawa manya ne, manya-manya. Dangane da asalinsu, wannan injin baƙon abu ne, ƙirƙirar mai zane Bill Mitchell da ƙwararren injiniya Zor Arkus-Duntov. V8 ɗin da aka yi wa allura yana haɓaka ƙarfin doki 360, kuma motar tana da kwatankwacin aikinta da Ferrari na wancan zamanin, amma a farashin da zai iya araha ga matsakaiciyar Amurka.
Pontiac GTO, 1964
GTO bazai zama farkon shigar da dabarar "babban inji a cikin mota mai matsakaicin girman" ba, amma har yanzu yana daya daga cikin mafi nasara har yau. Marubutan gwajin gwajin C/D na farko a shekara ta 1964 sun burge sosai: “Motar gwajinmu, mai daidaitaccen dakatarwa, birki na ƙarfe da injin ƙarfin dawakai 348, za ta fitar da kowace hanya a Amurka da sauri fiye da kowane Ferrari. "sun tabbatar. Kuma duk wannan jin daɗi a farashin babbar motar iyali.
Ford Mustang, 1965
Abin da ya sa Mustang ya zama alamar a yau - motar motar baya, injin V8, kofofi biyu da ƙananan wurin zama - kuma ya sa ya fita daga gasar lokacin da ya fara fitowa a cikin 60s. Amma abu mafi ban mamaki shine farashinsa: tun da ban sha'awa na waje yana ɓoye abubuwan da aka fi sani da Ford na wancan lokacin, kamar Falcon da Galaxie, kamfanin zai iya siyar da shi ƙasa da $ 2400. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa ɗaya daga cikin sanarwar farko ita ce "Cikakken Mota ga sakataren ku."
Mai rahusa, mai ƙarfi, sanyi da buɗewa ga duniya: Mustang shine ainihin ra'ayin 'yanci na Amurka.
Lamborghini Miura, 1966
Da farko dai, Miura ya zama ɗayan manyan motoci masu tasiri a kowane lokaci. Zane, wanda matashi mai suna Marcello Gandini ya kirkira, ya sanya shi abin tunawa sosai: kamar yadda C / D ya taɓa rubutawa, "Miura tana nuna ƙarfi, gudu da wasan kwaikwayo ko da kuwa an yi fakin."
Tare da saurin gudu na 280 km / h, ita ce motar da ta fi sauri a duniya a lokacin. A baya akwai injin mai karfin V5 345 mai ƙarfi, wanda ke rage ƙafafun ƙafa kuma ya ƙirƙira kujeru biyu, matsakaiciyar motar motar motsa jiki. A yau, ana iya ganin alamun DNA a ko'ina, daga Corvette zuwa Ferrari. Kyauta mai ban mamaki ga mota tare da ginannun guda 763 kawai.
BMW 2002, 1968
A yau muna kiransa juyin juya halin wasanni. Amma a shekarar 1968, lokacin da wannan mota ya bayyana a kasuwa, irin wannan lokaci bai wanzu ba - 2002 BMW ya zo don sanya shi.
Ba daidai ba, wannan sigar BMW 1600 tare da injin da ke da ƙarfi an haife shi ne daga ... mizanin muhalli. Amurka kawai ta tsaurara matakan sarrafa hayaki a cikin manyan birane kuma tana buƙatar ƙarin na'urori don yanke hayakin nitrogen da sulfur. Amma waɗannan na'urori basu dace da masana'antar carburettors na Solex 40 PHH ba akan injin lita 1,6.
Abin farin ciki, injiniyoyin BMW guda biyu sun gwada na'urorin carburetor guda biyu a cikin motocinsu - kawai don nishaɗi. Kamfanin ya ɗauki wannan ra'ayin kuma ya haifar da 2002 BMW, wanda aka yi niyya da farko don kasuwannin Amurka. A cikin gwajin 1968, Car & Driver ya rubuta cewa ita ce "hanya mafi kyau don samun daga aya A zuwa aya B yayin zaune."
Range Rover, 1970
A bayyane yake, wannan ita ce mota ta farko da aka baje kolin a matsayin aikin fasaha a gidan kayan gargajiya - jim kadan bayan fara halarta a shekarar 1970, an nuna wannan motar a Louvre a matsayin "misalin ƙirar masana'antu."
Range Rover na farko ra'ayi ne mai sauƙi: don ba da babban aikin abin hawa na soja, amma haɗe da alatu da ta'aziyya. Ita ce ta farko na dukkan BMW X5 na yau, Mercedes GLE, Audi Q7 da Porsche Cayenne.
Ferrari 308 GTB, 1975
Wannan matattarar maza biyu ita ce mota ta farko mai ƙasa da silinda 12 a ƙarƙashin hular da Maranello ya kuskura ya bayar a ƙarƙashin tambarin ta. Idan ka ƙidaya sigar rufin zamiya na GTS, wannan ƙirar ta kasance cikin samarwa har zuwa 1980 da aka samar da raka'a 6116. 2,9-lita V8 daga baya 240bhp Dino yana faɗaɗa jeri na Ferrari fiye da masu arziki. Kuma ƙirar da Pininfarina ya yi na ɗaya daga cikin mafi shahara a lokacin.
Honda Yarjejeniyar, 1976
Rabin na biyu na 70s shine lokacin disco da kururuwa. Amma kawai a lokacin, daya daga cikin mafi hankali da hankali motoci a tarihi debuted. Bayar da kasafin kuɗi na Amurka na wancan lokacin cikakke ne, kamar Chevrolet Vega da Ford Pinto; Dangane da asalinsu, Jafananci suna ba da kyakkyawan tunani, mai amfani kuma, sama da duka, ingantaccen mota. Yana da girma mara misaltuwa fiye da Yarjejeniyar na yanzu, har ma da ƙarami fiye da Jazz. Injin nasa mai nauyin lita 1,6 yana da karfin dawaki 68, wanda a ’yan shekarun da suka gabata zai zama abin kunya ga masu saye na Amurka, amma bayan matsalar man fetur ba zato ba tsammani ya fara zama kyakkyawa. Gidan gidan yana da fa'ida, tsari ne mai kyau, kuma motar da ke da kayan aiki mai kyau tana kashe dala 4000 kacal. Bugu da kari, ingantattun injiniyoyi na sa yarjejeniyar ta kayatar da masu sha'awar wasa da mahayan wasanni.
928, 1978
A cikin zamanin da kowa yayi skiling akan R&D kuma ya damu da ƙananan kekuna, wannan Porsche yana zuwa supernova. Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar lita 4,5 na almini na yanzu mai amfani da injin V8 wanda ke samar da 219 horsepower, dakatarwar kirkira, kwalliyar da za ta iya daidaitawa, akwatin gearbox mai saurin biyar, Kujerun Recaro da iska mai sanya hannu, 928 ya tashi ne daga sanannen 911. ...
A yau muna la'akari da shi a matsayin gazawar dangi saboda ba a taɓa samun nasara ba a cikin kuɗin tsohuwar ƙirar. Amma a zahiri, 928 mota ce mai ban mamaki wacce, duk da ƙimar farashinta ($ 26), ta kasance a kasuwa kusan shekaru 150 - kuma ta kasance daidai ko da lokacin da ta ƙare samarwa a 1995.
Volkswagen Golf / Rabbit GTI, 1983
An san shi a Amurka a matsayin Rabbit, amma ban da wasu ƙananan kyaututtukan ƙira, mota ɗaya ce ta sanya haruffan GTI daidai da zafi mai zafi. Injin silinda guda huɗu da farko ya yi ƙarfin dawakai 90—ba mummuna ba a ƙasa da kilogiram 900—kuma farashin ƙasa da $8000. A gwajinsa na farko, C/D ya nace cewa "wannan ita ce mota mafi ban dariya da hannun Amurkawa suka yi" (an gina Rabbit GTI a shukar Westmoreland).
Jeep Cherokee, 1985
Wani babban mataki zuwa yau m gicciye. Cherokee na farko ya nuna cewa SUV mai tsayi na iya zama motar birni mai jin daɗi a lokaci guda. A gabansa, akwai wasu da suke da irin wannan ra'ayi, kamar Chevrolet S-10 Blazer da Ford Bronco II. Amma a nan Jeep ta karkata akalarta daga wasanni da hanya zuwa aiki tare da mota mai ƙofa huɗu. Misalin ya kasance a kasuwa har zuwa 2001, kuma ƙarni na farko har yanzu ana buƙatarsa daga masu sha'awar hanya.