SDA RF 2020. Introduction.
1.1. These Rules of the Road 2020** establish a uniform traffic procedure
throughout the Russian Federation (RF). Other regulations regarding traffic should
be based on the requirements of the Rules and not contradict them.** Hereafter, the Rules.
1.2. The following basic concepts and terms are used in the Rules:
"Motorway" - the road marked with the sign 5.1 ** and having for
each direction of traffic, carriageways separated by a dividing strip (and when
absence - road barrier), without intersections on the same level with other roads, railway
or tramways, pedestrian or bicycle paths.
** Hereinafter, the numbering of traffic signs is given in accordance with Appendix 1 (Traffic Signs).
"Road train" - a motor vehicle coupled to a trailer
(trailers).
"Bike" - a vehicle, other than a wheelchair, which
has at least two wheels and is usually driven by the muscular energy of individuals,
located on this vehicle, in particular with pedals or handles, and may also
have an electric motor with a rated maximum power in continuous load mode, not exceeding
0,25 kW, automatically shutting off at speeds above 25 km / h.
"cyclist" - the person driving the bike.
"Bike Lane" – structurally separated from the roadway and
the sidewalk is an element of the road (or a separate road) designed for the movement of cyclists and
marked with sign 4.4.1.
“Bicycle zone”
- a territory intended for the movement of cyclists, the beginning and end of which are marked respectively by signs 5.33.1 and 5.34.1.
"Driver" - a person driving a vehicle,
a drover leading along a road of pack, riding animals or a herd. A driver is equated with a driver
driving.
"Forced stop" - stopping the movement of the vehicle
due to its technical malfunction or danger created by the transported cargo, driver’s condition
(passenger) or the appearance of an obstacle on the road.
“Hybrid car” - a vehicle that has
less than 2 different energy converters (motors) and 2 different
(airborne) energy storage systems for the purpose of bringing in
vehicle movement.
"The main road" - the road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1 - 2.3.7 or 5.1, according to
in relation to the intersected (adjacent), or paved road (asphalt and cement concrete,
stone materials and the like) in relation to the ground, or any road in relation to exits with
adjacent territories. Presence on a secondary road immediately in front of the intersection with
coating does not make it equal in value with the intersected.
"Daytime Running Lights" – external lighting devices intended for
improving the visibility of a moving vehicle in front during daylight hours.
"Road" - equipped or adapted and used for movement
vehicles a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure. The road includes
one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, curbs and dividing lanes
if available.
"Road traffic" - a set of social relations that arise in
the process of moving people and goods with or without means of transport within roads.
"traffic accident" - an event that occurs in the process
traffic on the vehicle’s road and with its participation, in which people were killed or injured,
vehicles, constructions, cargoes are damaged or other material damage is caused.
"Railroad crossing" - crossing the road with railway tracks
on the same level.
“Route vehicle” - general vehicle
use (bus, trolley, tram), designed for transportation on the roads of people and moving
on the established route with designated stopping places.
“mechanical vehicle” - a vehicle driven
in motion by the engine. The term also applies to any tractor and self-propelled machine.
"Moped" - two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle,
the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, having an internal engine
combustion with a working volume not exceeding 50 cubic meters. cm or electric motor rated maximum
power in continuous load mode more than 0,25 kW and less than 4 kW. To mopeds are equated
quadricycles having similar specifications.
"Motorcycle" - a two-wheeled motor vehicle with a side
with or without a trailer, the engine capacity of which (in the case of an internal combustion engine)
exceeds 50 cubic meters cm or maximum design speed (with any engine) exceeds 50 km / h. TO
tricycles are equated to motorcycles, as well as quadricycles with a motorcycle landing or steering wheel
motorcycle type, having an unloaded mass not exceeding 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles
means intended for the carriage of goods) without regard to the mass of batteries (in the case of electric
vehicles), and the maximum effective engine power not exceeding 15 kW.
"Locality" - a built-up area, the entrances to which and the exits from
which are marked with signs 5.23.1 - 5.26.
“Insufficient visibility” – visibility of the road is less than 300 m in conditions
fog, rain, snowfall and the like, as well as at dusk.
"Overtaking" - ahead of one or more vehicles,
associated with driving to a lane (side of the carriageway) intended for oncoming traffic, and
subsequent return to the previously occupied lane (side of the roadway).
"Roadside" - element of the road adjacent directly to the carriageway
on the same level with it, differing in the type of coating or highlighted using markup 1.2
used for movement, stopping and parking in accordance with the Traffic Rules 2020 of Russia (RF).
"Driving Education" - a pedagogical worker of an organization that carries out educational activities and implements basic professional training programs for drivers of vehicles of the relevant categories and subcategories, whose qualification meets the qualification requirements specified in the qualification reference books and (or) professional standards (if any), teaching driving a vehicle.
"learning to drive" - a person who, in accordance with the established procedure, undergoes appropriate vocational training in an organization that carries out educational activities and implements basic vocational training programs for drivers of vehicles of the relevant categories and subcategories, who has initial driving skills and has mastered the requirements of the Rules.
“Limited visibility” – the driver's visibility of the road in the direction
movement limited by terrain, geometric parameters of the road, vegetation,
buildings, structures or other objects, including vehicles.
“Danger to traffic” - the situation that arose during the road
movement in which continued movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a threat
occurrence of a traffic accident.
"Dangerous Goods" - substances, products from them, industrial and other waste
economic activities which, due to their inherent properties, may pose a threat to transportation
life and health of people, harm the environment, damage or destroy material values.
"Advance" - the movement of the vehicle at a speed greater than
speed of a passing vehicle.
“Organized transportation for a group of children” – transportation in a bus not related to
route vehicle, groups of children of 8 or more people, carried out without them
parents or other legal representatives.
“Organized transport convoy” - a group of three or more
motor vehicles immediately following one another in the same lane
traffic with headlights constantly on, accompanied by the head vehicle with
on external surfaces with special colorographic schemes and flashing beacons included
blue and red colors.
“Organized foot column” - a group of people designated in accordance with clause 4.2 of the Rules, moving together along the road in one
direction.
"Stop" - intentionally stopping the movement of the vehicle
for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more if necessary for boarding or alighting passengers or
loading or unloading a vehicle.
"Safety Island" - element of the road arrangement,
dividing lanes (including lanes for cyclists),
as well as lanes and tram tracks, structurally highlighted
curbstone over the carriageway or signposted
technical means of organizing traffic and
designed to stop pedestrians when crossing the carriageway
the roads. A part of the dividing line may belong to the safety island
lanes through which a pedestrian crossing is laid.
“Parking (parking space)” - specially marked and
Necessarily equipped and equipped place, which is also part of the highway and
(or) adjacent to the carriageway and (or) sidewalk, curb, overpass or bridge, or which is part of
sub-trestle or bridge spaces, squares and other objects of the road network, buildings,
buildings or structures and designed for organized parking of vehicles for a fee
based or free of charge by decision of the owner or other owner of the road,
the owner of the land or the owner of the corresponding part of the building, structure or structure.
"Passenger" – a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle
(on it), as well as the person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves
vehicle (coming off it).
"Crossroads" - the place of intersection, junction or branching of roads on
one level, limited by imaginary lines connecting respectively the opposite, the most
remote from the center of the intersection of the beginning of the curvature of the roadway. Departure crossings are not considered
adjacent territories.
"Rebuilding" - leaving the occupied lane or occupied row with
preservation of the original direction of movement.
"A pedestrian" - a person who is outside the vehicle on the road, or
on a pedestrian or bicycle path and not producing work on them. Pedestrians are equated
persons in wheelchairs, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying
sledges, trolleys, prams or wheelchairs, as well as roller skates for movement,
scooters and other similar means.
"Footpath" - equipped or adapted for movement
pedestrian strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure, marked with a sign 4.5.1.
"Pedestrian zone" - an area reserved for pedestrian traffic,
the beginning and end of which are marked respectively by signs 5.33 and 5.34.
“Pedestrian and bike path (bike path)” -
structurally separated from the carriageway road element (or a separate road) intended for
separate or joint movement of cyclists with pedestrians and marked with signs 4.5.2 - 4.5.7.
"Lane" - any of the longitudinal lanes of the carriageway,
marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one
row.
“Bicycle lane” - the lane of the carriageway intended
for traffic on bicycles and mopeds, separated from the rest of the road
parts with horizontal markings and indicated by 5.14.2
“Advantage (priority)” - the right to drive first
intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.
"Let" - a stationary object in the lane (faulty or
damaged vehicle, roadway defect, foreign objects, etc.) that do not allow
continue on this lane.
A traffic jam or a vehicle stopping in this lane in
in accordance with the requirements of the Rules.
“Surrounding area” - area immediately adjacent to
road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles (courtyards, housing estates,
parking lots, gas stations, enterprises and the like). Movement in the adjacent territory is carried out in
in accordance with these traffic rules 2020.
"Trailer" - a vehicle not equipped with an engine and
intended for movement in combination with a power-driven vehicle. Term extends
also for semi-trailers and dissolution trailers.
"Roadway" - an element of the road intended for movement
trackless vehicles.
"Dividing line" - an element of the road, allocated constructively and
(or) by means of markings 1.2, separating adjacent carriageways, as well as the carriageway and tramway tracks and not
designed to move and stop vehicles.
“Permitted maximum weight” - the mass of the equipped vehicle
means with cargo, driver and passengers, established by the manufacturer as
as much as possible. For the permitted maximum mass of vehicles, i.e.
coupled and moving as a whole, the sum of the allowed maximum masses of transport
funds included in the composition.
"Adjuster" - a person duly authorized to
traffic regulation using the signals established by the Rules of the road 2020, and directly
carrying out the specified regulation. The traffic controller must be in uniform and (or) have
distinctive mark and equipment. Regulators include police and military vehicles
inspections, as well as road maintenance workers on duty at level crossings and
ferry services in the performance of their duties.
Regulators also include authorized persons from among the employees of transport security units who perform the duties of inspection, additional inspection, re-examination, observation and (or) interview in order to ensure transport security, in relation to traffic regulation on sections of highways determined by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation Federation of July 18, 2016 No 686 “On the determination of sections of roads, railways and inland waterways, heliports, landing sites, as well as other buildings, structures, devices and equipment that ensure the functioning of the transport complex, which are objects of transport infrastructure”.
"Parking lot" - intentionally stopping the movement of a vehicle on
time more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or
unloading the vehicle.
"Night time" - the time interval from the end of evening twilight to
the beginning of morning twilight.
"Vehicle" - a device designed to be transported
roads of people, goods or equipment installed on it.
"Pavement" - an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and
adjacent to the carriageway or bike path or separated by a lawn.
“Give way (do not interfere)” - a requirement that
the road user must not start, resume or continue driving, carry out
any maneuver, if this may force other participants in the movement, having in relation to it
advantage, change direction or speed.
"Road user" - the person receiving the direct
participation in the process of movement as a driver, pedestrian, passenger of a vehicle.
"School bus" - a specialized vehicle (bus) that meets the requirements for vehicles for transporting children, established by the legislation on technical regulation, and owned or otherwise legally owned by a preschool educational or general educational organization.
"Electric car" - a vehicle driven
exclusively by electric motor and charged by
external source of electricity.
1.3. Road users are required to know and comply with the relevant requirements of the Rules,
signals of traffic lights, signs and markings, as well as comply with orders of traffic controllers acting in
the limits of the rights granted to them and regulating traffic by established signals.
1.4. Right-hand traffic of vehicles is installed on the roads.
1.5. Road users must act so as not to endanger
movement and do no harm.
It is forbidden to damage or contaminate the road surface, remove,
block, damage, arbitrarily install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means
organization of movement, leave objects on the road that interfere with movement. Interfering person
must take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means
to inform the participants of the movement about the danger and report to the police.
1.6. Persons who violate the 2020 Rules are liable in accordance with applicable law.
