What you need to know about a modern car system?

Modern car systems

Modern cars contain many electronic systems. They are designed to make life easier for the driver and increase his safety. And for a new driver it is very difficult to understand all of these ABS, ESP, 4WD and so on. This page provides an explanation of the abbreviations used in the names of these automotive systems, as well as a brief description. ABS, anti-lock brake system in English, anti-lock brake system. Prevents wheel lock when the car stops, which preserves its stability and controllability. Now it is used on most modern cars. The presence of ABS allows an untrained driver to prevent wheel lock. ACC, Active Cornering Control, sometimes ACE, BCS, CATS. An automatic stabilization system for the lateral position of the body in turns, and in some cases a variable suspension movement. In which the active elements of the suspension play a major role.

ADR automatic distance adjustment

This is a system for maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle ahead. The system is based on a radar installed in front of the car. It constantly analyzes the distance to the car ahead. Once this indicator falls below a threshold set by the driver, the ADR system will automatically command the vehicle to slow down until the distance to the vehicle ahead reaches a safe level. AGS, adaptive transmission control. It is a self-adjusting automatic transmission system. Individual gearbox. AGS selects the most appropriate gear for the driver while driving. To recognize the driving style, the accelerator pedal is constantly evaluated. The sliding end and drive torque are fixed, after which the transmissions begin to work in accordance with one of the programs set by the system. In addition, the AGS system prevents unnecessary shifting, for example in traffic jams, corners or descents.

Traction control system

Installed by ASR on German cars. As well as DTS so-called dynamic traction control. ETC, TCS - traction control system. STC, TRACS, ASC + T - automatic stability control + traction. The purpose of the system is to prevent wheel slippage, as well as to reduce the force of dynamic loads on the transmission elements on uneven road surfaces. First, the drive wheels are stopped, then, if this is not enough, the supply of the fuel mixture to the engine is reduced and, consequently, the power supplied to the wheels. The braking system is sometimes BAS, PA or PABS. An electronic pressure control system in the hydraulic brake system that, in the event of emergency braking and insufficient force on the brake pedal, independently increases the pressure in the brake line, making it many times faster than humans can do.

Rotary brake

Cornering Brake Control is a system that stops the brakes when cornering. Central tire inflation system - centralized tire inflation system. DBC - Dynamic Brake Control - Dynamic brake control system. In extreme cases, most drivers are unable to make an emergency stop. The force with which the motorist presses the pedal is insufficient for effective braking. The subsequent increase in force only slightly increases the braking force. DBC complements Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) by accelerating the process of pressure build-up in the brake actuator, which ensures the shortest stopping distance. The operation of the system is based on the processing of information about the rate of increase in pressure and force on the brake pedal. DSC - Dynamic Stability Control - dynamic stability control system.

DME - Digital Motor Electronics

DME - Digital Motor Electronics - digital electronic engine management system. It controls the correct ignition and fuel injection and other additional functions. Such as adjusting the composition of the working mixture. The DME system provides optimum power with minimum emissions and fuel consumption. DOT - US Department of Transportation - US Department of Transportation. Which is responsible for tire safety regulations. The marking on the tire indicates that the tire is Dept. approved and approved for use in the United States. Driveline is the leading drive. AWD - all-wheel drive. FWD is front wheel drive. RWD is rear wheel drive. 4WD-OD - four-wheel drive if necessary. 4WD-FT is permanent four-wheel drive.

ECT - electronically controlled transmission

It is an electronic control system for shifting gears in the latest generation of automatic transmissions. It takes into account vehicle speed, throttle position and engine temperature. Provides smooth gear shifting, significantly increases the life of the engine and transmission. Allows you to set several algorithms for shifting gears. For example, winter, economics and sports. EBD - electronic brake distribution. In the German version - EBV - Elektronishe Bremskraftverteilung. Electronic brake force distribution system. It provides the most optimal braking force on the axles, varying it depending on the specific road conditions. Such as speed, nature of coverage, car loading and others. Mainly to prevent blocking of the rear axle wheels. The effect is especially noticeable in rear-wheel drive vehicles. The main purpose of this unit is the distribution of braking forces at the time of starting the braking of the car.

The principle of operation of automotive systems

When, according to the laws of physics, under the action of inertia forces, a partial redistribution of the load occurs between the wheels of the front and rear axles. Operating principle. The main load during forward braking lies on the wheels of the front axle. At which more braking torque can be realized as long as the wheels of the rear axle are not unloaded. And when a large braking torque is applied to them, they can lock up. To avoid this, the EBD processes the data received from the ABS sensors and the sensor that determines the position of the brake pedal. It acts on the braking system and redistributes the braking forces to the wheels in proportion to the loads acting on them. The EBD takes effect before the ABS starts or after the ABS fails due to a malfunction. ECS - Electronic shock absorber stiffness control system. The ECU is the electronic control unit for the engine.

EDC - Automotive Systems

EDC, Electronic Damper Control - an electronic control system for the stiffness of shock absorbers. Otherwise, it can be called a system that cares about comfort. Electronics compares the parameters of the load, vehicle speed and evaluates the condition of the roadway. When running on good tracks, EDC tells the dampers to get softer. And when cornering at high speeds and through undulating sections, it adds stiffness and provides maximum traction. EDIS - electronic non-contact ignition system, without a switch - distributor. EDL, Electronic Differential Loc - electronic differential lock system. In the German version of the EDS Elektronische Differentialsperre, this is an electronic differential lock.

Automotive Systems Improvement

This is a logical complement to the functions of the anti-lock system. This increases the potential for car safety. It improves traction when driving in adverse road conditions and facilitates the process of driving out, intensive acceleration, lifting and driving in difficult conditions. The principle of the system. When turning the wheels of a car mounted on one axis, paths of different lengths pass. Therefore, their angular velocities must also be different. This discrepancy in speed is compensated by the operation of the differential mechanism installed between the drive wheels. But the use of the differential as a connection between the right and left wheels of the drive axle of the car has its drawbacks.

Characteristics of automotive systems

The design feature of the differential is that, regardless of driving conditions, it provides an even distribution of torque between the wheels of the drive axle. When driving directly on the surface with equal grip, this does not affect the behavior of the car. When the drive wheels of a car fall into place with different grip coefficients, a wheel moving along a section of road with a lower grip coefficient begins to slip. Due to the condition of equal torque provided by the differential, the motor wheel limits the traction of the opposite wheel. Differential lock in case of non-compliance with the coupling conditions of the left and right wheels eliminates this balance.

The principle of operation of automotive systems

Receiving signals from speed sensors available as part of ABS, EDS determines the angular speeds of the drive wheels and constantly compares them with each other. If the angular velocities do not coincide, as, for example, in the case of sliding of one of the wheels, it slows down until it becomes equal in frequency to the slip. As a result of such regulation, a reactive moment arises. Which, if necessary, creates the effect of a mechanically locked differential, and the wheel, which has better adhesion conditions to the road surface, is capable of transmitting great traction. With a speed difference of about 110 rpm, the system automatically enters the operating mode. And it works without restrictions on speeds up to 80 kilometers per hour. The EDB system also works in the opposite direction, but does not work when cornering.

Car Electronics Electronic Module

ECM, electronic control module - electronic control module. The microcomputer determines the duration of injection and the amount of injected fuel for each cylinder. This helps to get the optimum power and torque from the engine according to the program set in it. EGR - exhaust gas recirculation system. Enhanced Other Network - built-in navigation system. Information about congestion, construction work and detour routes. The electronic brain of the car immediately hints to the driver which way to use and which one is better to turn off. ESP stands for Electronic Stability Program - it's also ATTS. ASMS - automates the stabilization control system. DSC - dynamic stability control. Fahrdynamik-Regelung is vehicle stability control. The most advanced system that uses the capabilities of anti-lock, traction and electronic throttle control systems.

Control unit for automotive systems

The control unit receives information from the sensors of angular acceleration of the car, steering angle. Information about the speed of the vehicle and the revolutions of each of the wheels. The system analyzes this data and calculates the trajectory, and if, in turns or maneuvers, the actual speed does not match the calculated one, and the car performs or, in turn, corrects the trajectory. Slows down the wheels and reduces engine traction. In case of emergency, it does not compensate for the inadequate response of the driver and helps maintain the stability of the car. The work of this system is to apply traction and dynamic regulation to the operation of vehicle control systems. The CCD device recognizes the danger of slipping and purposefully compensates for the stability of the vehicle in one direction.

The principle of automotive systems

The principle of the system. The CCD device responds to critical situations. The system receives a response from sensors that determine the angle of rotation of the steering wheel and the angular velocity of the wheels of the car. The answer can be obtained by measuring the angle of rotation of the car around a vertical axis and the magnitude of its transverse acceleration. If the information received from the sensors gives different answers, then there is a probability of a critical situation in which intervention in the CCD is required. A critical situation can manifest itself in two variants of car behavior. Inadequate understeer. In this case, the CCD stops the rear wheel, dosed from the inside of the corner, and also affects the engine control system and automatic transmission.

Operation of automotive systems

By adding to the sum of the braking forces applied to the aforementioned wheel, the vector of the force applied to the vehicle rotates in the direction of rotation and returns the vehicle along a predetermined path, preventing movement off the road and thus achieving rotation control. Rewind. In this case, the CCD spins the front wheel outside the corner and affects the engine and automatic transmission control system. As a result, the vector of the received force acting on the car rotates outward, preventing the car from sliding and subsequent uncontrolled rotation around the vertical axis. Another common situation requiring CCD intervention is avoiding an obstacle that suddenly appears on the road.

Settlements in automotive systems

If the car is not equipped with a CCD, events in this case often unfold in accordance with the following scenario: Suddenly an obstacle appears in front of the car. To avoid a collision with him, the driver turns sharply to the left, and then returns to the previously occupied lane to the right. As a result of such manipulations, the car turns sharply, and the rear wheels slide, turning into uncontrolled rotation of the car around a vertical axis. The situation with a car equipped with a CCD looks a bit different. The driver tries to get around the obstacle, as in the first case. By the signals of the sensors, the CCD recognizes the unstable mode of movement of the car. The system performs the necessary calculations and, in response, brakes the left rear wheel, thereby contributing to the rotation of the car.

Automotive Guidelines

At the same time, the power of the side drive of the front wheels is maintained. When the car enters a left turn, the driver begins to turn the steering wheel to the right. To help the car turn right, the CCD stops the right front wheel. The rear wheels rotate freely, which optimizes the lateral driving force acting on them. Changing the lane by the driver can lead to a sharp turn of the car around a vertical axis. To prevent the rear wheels from slipping, the left front wheel stops. In particularly critical situations, this braking must be very intense in order to limit the increase in lateral driving force acting on the front wheels. Recommendations for the operation of CCDs. It is recommended to turn off the CCD: when "rolling" a car stuck in deep snow or loose earth, when driving with snow chains, when checking the car on a dynamometer.

The mode of operation of automotive systems

Turning off the CCD is done by pressing the button with the button labeled on the instrument panel and pressing the indicated button again. When the engine is started, the CCD is in working mode. ETCS - Electronic Throttle Control System. The engine control unit receives signals from two sensors: the position of the accelerator pedal and the accelerator pedal, and, in accordance with the program installed in it, sends commands to the shock absorber electric drive mechanism. ETRTO is the European Tire and Wheel Technical Organization. Association of European Tire and Wheel Manufacturers. FMVSS - Federal Highway Traffic Safety Standards - American Safety Standards. FSI - fuel stratified injection - stratified injection Developed by Volkswagen.

Advantages of Automotive Systems

The fuel equipment of the engine with the FSI injection system is made by analogy with diesel units. The high-pressure pump pumps gasoline into the fuel rail, common to all cylinders. Fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber through nozzles with electromagnetic valves. The command to open each nozzle is given by the central control, and the phases of its operation depend on the speed and load of the engine. Advantages of a direct injection gasoline engine. Thanks to nozzles with solenoid valves, a strictly metered amount of fuel can be injected into a combustion chamber at a certain time. Changing the phases of the camshaft by 40 degrees provides good traction at low and medium speeds. The use of exhaust gas recirculation reduces toxic emissions. FSI direct injection engines are 15% more economical than gasoline engines with a traditional injection system.

HDC - Hill Descent Control - Automotive Systems

HDC - Hill Descent Control - a traction control system for descending steep and slippery slopes. It works in much the same way as traction control, suppressing the engine and stopping the wheels, but with a fixed speed limit ranging from 6 to 25 kilometers per hour. PTS - Parktronic System - in the German version of Abstandsdistanzkontrolle, this is a parking distance monitoring system that determines the distance to the nearest obstacle using ultrasonic sensors located in the bumpers. The system includes ultrasonic transducers and a control unit. An acoustic signal informs the driver about the distance to the obstacle, the sound of which changes with decreasing distance from the obstacle. The shorter the distance, the shorter the pause between signals.

Reifen Druck Control – Automotive Systems

When the obstacle remains 0,3 m, the sound of the signal becomes continuous. The sound signal is supported by light signals. The corresponding indicators are located inside the cab. In addition to the designation ADK Abstandsdistanzkontrolle, the abbreviations PDC parked car remote control and Parktronik can be used to describe this system. Reifen Druck Control is a tire pressure monitoring system. The RDC system monitors the pressure and temperature in the vehicle's tires. The system detects a drop in pressure in one or more tires. Thanks to RDC, premature tire wear is prevented. SIPS stands for Side Effects Protection System. It consists of reinforced and energy-absorbing bodywork and side airbags, which are usually located on the outer edge of the front seatback.

Automotive Systems Protection

The location of the sensors affects the very fast response. This is especially important in side impacts, as the folding area is only 25-30 cm. SLS is the Suspension Leveling System. This can ensure the stability of the position of the body along the longitudinal axis relative to the horizontal when driving quickly on rough roads or under full load. SRS is an additional system of restrictions. Airbags, front and side. The latter are sometimes referred to as the SIPS side impact protection system, which together with them includes special door beams and transverse reinforcements. The new abbreviations are WHIPS, patented by Volvo and IC, which stands for whip protection system, respectively. Special seat back design with active headrests and air curtain. The airbag is located on the side in the head area.