Chip tuning
Blog,  Car tuning

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

What is chip tuning

Chip tuning is a replacement for the ECU program, in order to adjust the basic engine performance. Actually, due to this, the promised improvement in performance is achieved.

Previously, specialists had to mechanically solder the factory chip for the machine to their own, but now it’s costing “little blood”. Simply change the firmware using special software and a laptop, connecting them to the OBD II connector.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

According to industry experts, tuning the chip allows you to remove some of the restrictions imposed by the factory software to significantly improve engine performance.

Factory settings for engine operation

At the stage of creation internal combustion engines The influence of different settings on the efficiency and working life of the power unit is analyzed. Modern cars are equipped with sophisticated electronic devices that do not allow the engine to run to the limit.

1Factory Settings (1)

Dozens of engineers with many years of experience are working on the development of such schemes. As a result, cars with settings that meet state standards and have optimal characteristics go off the assembly line.

The electronic control unit regulates the amount of gasoline and air, controls the time of supply of the spark and other parameters that affect the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. These settings are factory programmed and determined to be optimal.

Determining the boundaries of the engine, manufacturers are repelled in the first place from whether the car will comply with environmental standards or not. If it does not comply, then such machines do not receive certification and they will not be put up for sale. Or the manufacturer will need to pay additional taxes for the manufacture of such vehicles. In accordance with these requirements, the firmware of the control unit is programmed with certain restrictions affecting the maximum power output of the unit.

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This is just one reason for the standard motor settings. Here are a few more:

  1. Marketing move. The car market requires models with different power indicators. It is much cheaper for the manufacturer to set restrictions on the computer than to create a new motor. Thanks to this, the customer buys a car with a “modernized” engine and pays a little more for such changes.
  2. A margin of power is needed to reduce customer handling for warranty repairs.
  3. The ability to upgrade the lineup. In order to stimulate customers to buy restyled models, in addition to design changes, manufacturers “expand" the capabilities of power units by equipping them with improved air filters, intercoolers, more powerful fuel pumps or modified catalysts. Such changes are made without the need for a new engine.

Why chip your car?

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

For obvious reasons, many drivers are in no hurry to upgrade their cars in this way, fearing the consequences. To determine whether a “game is worth the candle”, consider all the pros and cons. So, the advantages of chiping the "brains" of the car:

  • Saving. Chip tuning will cost the driver much less than mechanical changes in the design of the motor or intake-exhaust system.
  • Improved performance. Companies that are engaged in the reconfiguration of the engine control unit promise their customers various benefits: increasing engine power, reducing fuel consumption and reducing noise.
  • Flexibility of customization. From several options for firmware, the vehicle owner is offered to choose the most optimal one, specifically for his needs.
  • Reversibility of the process. If we talk about mechanical modernization, then, in this case, the specialist cuts the combustion chambers, increasing their volume. Chip tuning against this background looks more secure, since it allows you to roll back to the factory settings at any time.

These are the advantages that you will certainly be told about in a specialized service center. However, it is worth remembering the associated risks. We will consider them a little later.

Why cars are not tuned during manufacture

The main reason why non-chip motors are sold from the factory is that the manufacturer does not have a desire to use up the entire resource of the power unit as soon as possible. The main thing is not to squeeze all the juices out of the motor, but to ensure its stable operation for a long time.

In addition, the operation of any power unit is limited by environmental standards. The more emissions a motor produces into the environment, the higher the tax for the automaker.

Another important factor is the motor's warranty period. so that after a couple of years it is not necessary to change all the motors sold for free, manufacturers deliberately do not bring the unit settings to the maximum so that it lasts longer.

What motors can be chip

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Almost all engines that run under the control of the computer, both gasoline and diesel, are chipped. Given the difference in the principle of fuel supply and its ignition, the tuning procedure will also be different.

  1. Gasoline engine. Chip tuning for such an unit will cost less than for a diesel analog. The main procedure includes reprogramming the controller software. The main task of this type of modernization is to increase the engine's thrust at medium and high speeds, and at low speeds - to leave it unchanged as much as possible. This tuning will increase the dynamics of the car when overtaking.
  2. Diesel engine Chipping such an internal combustion engine is a more time-consuming and expensive process. In addition to reprogramming, it is necessary to install another fuel pump (should give out more pressure) and nozzles that could withstand the increased pressure. In addition to an increase in power, such motors are chipable to increase torque at low speeds. This modernization is often done by owners of full-fledged SUVs to improve the characteristics of cars for offroad-races.

More “return” from chip tuning is felt on turbocharged modifications of engines. If the aspirator is under the hood, then the effect of the modernization will be noticeable on surround engine. For small-size modifications without turbocharging, software chipning will not be enough (an increase of only 10 hp), therefore, refinement of the equipment is required.

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Motors with a small volume, depending on the installation of non-standard equipment, can chip on different levels of firmware:

  • The first level (stage-1) is enough for the factory settings of the motor, but when installing an improved release and intercooler, the car receives a power increase of up to 50% from the factory settings.
  • The second level is used to flash the brains of the machine in which the catalyst is removed, an intercooler and a more efficient intake system are installed. The increase in power with such settings is from 30 to 70 percent.
  • The third level is flashed onto the car ECU, in which previous improvements were made and a productive turbine was installed. To the standard power, an addition of 70-100% is observed.

Such data are indicated by many car tuning workshops. However, to achieve real performance without interfering with the design of the motor, this increase cannot be achieved.

Gasoline engine chip tuning

Most often, it is gasoline engines that are chipped, because with the same volume as a diesel analogue, a gasoline internal combustion engine has less power. To increase power using software tuning, the electronic control unit is reprogrammed without replacing the standard injectors. Thanks to this, the price of such a refinement is available to most tuning lovers.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

Most often, in such motors, they tend to increase the torque indicator in the zone of medium and maximum revolutions, which makes it more dynamic during overtaking on the track. At the same time, the bottoms remain with practically the same torque.

Diesel Engine Chip Tuning

Compared to the modernization of a gasoline unit, a diesel engine is more difficult to chip. The reason is that, in addition to adjusting the software to improve the performance of the internal combustion engine, it is often necessary to replace the high-pressure fuel pump and injectors. These elements must provide increased pressure and work stably under such a load.

The main task of modernizing a diesel engine is to increase traction at the bottom, as well as to increase the total engine power. Most often, motorists who operate their cars off-road go to such modernization. In SUVs, it is the maximum traction at low revs that is important, and not just the overall dynamics.

How do cars chip?

There are two options for chip tuning: replacing software in the controller or by connecting additional equipment. Common external devices include:

  • Accelerator Booster (Pedal Booster). It is installed in the electronic pedal circuit (if the car has such a system). The principle of operation - the signal coming from the accelerator is processed in the device and increased. In fact, the characteristics of the motor do not change. Rather, the sensitivity of the pedal changes at the very beginning, but when the signal from the gas pedal reaches a maximum that can be output by an additional device, the engine response does not change. Auto becomes sharper with minimal pressure, but at the end of the response there is no.
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  • ChipBox or "blende". Also called PowerBox or TuningBox. This is a small electronic unit that connects to the sensor connector. Its purpose is to change the signal going to the computer. For example, on a diesel engine, the fuel rail sensor gives a signal of the required pressure of 100 bar. The chipbox changes the signal (20 percent less), as a result of which the ECU determines that the rail pressure is 20 bar less, therefore it gives the pump a signal to increase the head by 20%. As a result, the pressure is not 100, but 120 bar. The controller does not see the "substitution", therefore, does not give an error. However, an error may occur due to inconsistency of other parameters, for example, during “standard” operation, fuel consumption increases or a lambda probe signals an enriched mixture. For gasoline engines with a turbine, such "tricks" are placed on a turbocharger sensor. The device underestimates the performance of the system, from which the turbine "accelerates" to the limit. Such tuning makes the motor work at an unsafe level, because of which its breakdown is possible.
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  • Additional controller (PiggyBack). The control unit that connects between the wiring of the car and the computer. It is used extremely rarely and only in case of major improvements, with which the standard control unit could not cope.
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  • StandAlone. Another alternative control unit, which is installed instead of the standard one. It is used only for sports tuning and requires an understanding of the little things in the operation of the motor, as well as other systems with fine tuning.

Upgrading a standard ECU without interfering with its software is not possible. Here's how this procedure goes.

Stages of tuning work

Externally, the work is as follows:

  • the computer is connected to the service connector of the control unit;
  • old firmware is deleted;
  • new software is being downloaded.

In fact, the procedure can be performed in different ways, depending on the model of the control unit, its protection and the equipment used by the master. Most often, the computer is connected via the OBD diagnostic connector. In some cases, the computer is removed and connected to the computer through the connectors to which the wiring of the machine is connected. There are also controllers that are only flashed after parsing (wires are connected to the contacts on the board itself).

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It is not recommended to perform this kind of upgrade yourself. It is better to entrust this to professionals with the skills and knowledge of the intricacies of performing this procedure. If there is a desire to exercise, then this must be done on the control unit, which is planned to be replaced.

Chip tuning equipment

For the modernization procedure, special equipment will be required. If it is not possible to connect the car to a service computer, then any laptop with a program for flashing the control unit and a service connector (for connecting to the "brains" of the machine) is suitable.

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First, the program for changing the parameters of the computer must be installed on the computer. Then, through the service connector, the old controller firmware is removed and a new one is installed instead.

When performing this procedure, it is extremely important to use correctly selected software, otherwise irreparable harm will be caused to the power unit (or sensors). In some cases, it doesn’t come to this, because incorrect firmware worsens the efficiency of the engine, and the motorist is looking for another service to find out the reasons.

Programs

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There are three categories of programs used for chip tuning engines.

  • "Custom." A “draft” version is installed and finalized for the parameters of a particular car, based on the test results. Thanks to a meticulous selection of parameters, such firmware is effective only if it is installed by professionals who really understand the intricacies of the system settings for the power unit.
  • "Canned". Ready file or template for specific car brands. Such firmware is created based on user feedback and stored in the database of the tuning company. When the owner of the same car turns to chip, there is already the right program. The modernization process in this case is accelerating.
  • Certified programs from manufacturers. Understanding the limits of the operation of a particular engine, automakers offer their programs for chip tuning, which will not harm the engine. It is worth considering that not every brand provides such a service. Also, not all manufacturers have their own tuning studio. Such programs will cost more than third-party counterparts, but they are more reliable.

Example of certified software: for Audi - ABT; for Mercedes - Brabus and AMG; for BMW - Alpine and the like. You can often find a "budget" version of such programs that can be downloaded from the Internet. In this case, how lucky. Someone suits, and someone after such modernization takes the car for repair.

Types of car engine chip tuning

Conditionally, chip tuning of the power unit can be divided into three categories:

  1. Software tuning. In this case, only an adjustment is made to the operation of the electronics without making any changes to the technical part of the power unit.
  2. Complex tuning. In this case, chipping is only a part of the overall complex of work performed to refine the car.
  3. Partial revision of the car. when choosing this method, the operation of the motor electronics is adjusted, and the geometry of the intake and exhaust manifolds is partially changed with some modernization of the technical part of the motor (for example, installing a different camshaft).

Most tuners use software tuning. This procedure is more accessible, not so expensive and, if desired, you can easily return the factory settings if the car owner does not like the upgrade.

Option 1. We make changes to the car's ECU, that is, to the electronic control unit.

Using this method, a motorist can increase the power and maximum speed of a car, and achieve fuel economy. This method improves the quality of the combustible mixture, makes the car sharper at the start.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

Depending on the type of power unit, an increase in power is observed up to 50 percent, torque - by 30-50 percent, and the car, regardless of the type of firmware, reduces fuel consumption by 10%.

What is it like?

This upgrade is only possible on vehicles equipped with an electronic computer. The wizard reflashes the standard factory ECU program, replacing it with a more radical software that changes the nature of the fuel supply and the operation of the internal combustion engine.

For each vehicle, an individual program is selected, and before replacing the software, a standard program is determined so that, if necessary, you can roll back to the factory settings.

What systems are affected?

The operation of the motor and related systems changes, as a result of which the power of the power unit and, of course, the speed of transport increase. Despite the increase in dynamics, the car starts to consume less fuel.

How is it done?

This work is carried out in special service centers. Reflashing requires expensive equipment, so not every garage service station can perform the task efficiently. If there is no special skills and understanding of the whole process of work, there is a high probability of spoiling the electronics of the machine.

Option 2. Installing a special chip tuning module.

This method allows you to:

  • Increase power and torque by 20-30 percent;
  • Improve traction and overall vehicle dynamics;
  • Reduce fuel consumption by 10 percent;
  • Provide dynamic acceleration and high speed;
  • Eliminate arbitrary stopping of the motor at traffic lights;
  • Improve the elasticity of the motor.

What is it like?

This is a special unit that affects the operation of the motor. It optimizes fuel system performance and impulses from the engine sensors, which increases the engine's response to driver input.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

The peculiarity of this method is that it does not require intervention in the software of the car's on-board system, and such tuning can be done independently. Basically, the machine retains its factory settings.

What systems are affected?

Installation of the module does not require any manipulations with either the electronic part or the mechanical part of the car. At the same time, a number of transport characteristics are improved, such as fuel efficiency and an increase in the dynamics of the car, depending on the standard settings of the control unit.

How is it done?

For such tuning, you do not need any special service equipment, nor do you need to rework the technical part of the unit. The optimization module is installed under the hood between the fuel system and the engine control unit.

The advantage of this upgrade is that the module has standard connectors that fit most car models. no electrical modifications are required.

Option 3. Replacing the standard car engine by installing a gas turbine instead.

In this case, the dynamic characteristics of the car are completely changed. The increase in power and torque can reach 100 percent (the minimum increase in these parameters is 10%). Thanks to this, the maximum speed of the car becomes higher, the transport becomes noticeably dynamic on the track.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

In addition to 10-50% fuel economy, the car acquires a more aggressive sporty sound during starts and sharp accelerations. Most of the improvements are influenced by the type of gas turbine installed.

What is it like?

This modernization is the most radical. The danger is that a gas turbine will be installed instead of the standard motor. The new power unit will completely affect the behavior of the car. how much the vehicle improves in terms of dynamics depends on the type of turbine selected.

What systems are affected?

Since in the process of such modernization, the engine completely changes, the installation of a gas turbine affects absolutely all systems associated with the engine (fuel, ignition, control unit, intake, exhaust).

How is it done?

As in the case of flashing, replacing the power plant requires accurate knowledge of the operation of gas turbines. Therefore, such a modernization can be carried out exclusively by specialists in certain workshops licensed to carry out this kind of tuning.

First of all, it is necessary to choose the right gas turbine, which in a particular case will not be too powerful or, on the contrary, very weak. It is not recommended to perform this procedure in any service station, because it is very dangerous.

Pros of chip tuning

So, is it true that what is promised in service centers specializing in motor chipping?

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By changing the standard settings, the car can be made more economical. Of course, almost no one uses this option, because it affects the dynamics of the car in the direction of reduction. Reduced fuel consumption can be achieved. in other waysnot requiring large waste.

Mostly chip tuning is used to increase engine power. If the procedure is performed by experienced professionals and using competent software, then the dynamics of the vehicle really increases. Without the installation of additional equipment and intervention in the design of the unit, the power of the internal combustion engine cannot be increased by 30-40%. And more productive equipment will make it possible to make a frisky car at the start and a dynamic car when overtaking from an ordinary car.

Despite the advantages that are advertised by those involved in the modernization of cars, this procedure has many disadvantages.

Cons of chip tuning

When deciding on chip tuning, think about the fact that manufacturers have a huge scientific and technical base for designing car systems and a whole staff of highly qualified specialists is working on this task. Any adjustments to the computer are thoroughly tested, and only if they are passed, changes are allowed in mass production. But, even with all this in mind, a defect can be detected in the car and it is withdrawn.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

Companies that are engaged in chip tuning of engines physically cannot provide a solution for each car model separately and are forced to do with programs with average parameters. Of course, you cannot be sure that the software offered to you has been tested before. In most cases, it is simply disadvantageous to similar service centers.

Please note that improper chipovka can cause the failure of not only the computer, but also the engine itself. To calm the driver, some people simply turn off the error notification function, and the owner drives like this, unaware of the problem until the car dies. What costs it is fraught with, probably, each owner of a car guesses. By the way, you should not count on warranty repairs either.

In addition, motor chipping may have other disadvantages:

  • burn out valves (due to excessively enriched mixture);
  • motor overheating;
  • the catalyst will melt;
  • engine detonation;
  • increased torque spoils the gearbox, designed for lower loads.

Not all of these problems will appear as a kit. It all depends on the car model and the quality of parts experiencing severe overload.

Should I chip the engine

Determining this question, each car owner should be aware of: what is fraught with increasing the power of the motor of his car, and whether he is ready to take such risks. There will be much more problems if tuning is performed independently, experimenting with firmware, or when performing the procedure in questionable workshops.

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Competent chipping will be performed by specialists in branded ateliers, but a decent amount will have to be spent for such a service. Is it worth it to spend money to strengthen the engine for 15-20 horses - it is up to each car owner to decide. It is worth remembering: in addition to paying for the modernization of a car, it will have to be serviced and repaired more often, and this is also waste.

How much power can you add after chip tuning?

Although some people think that chip tuning can be done on absolutely all cars with an ECU, in reality this is not the case. If a first generation control unit is installed in the car (mainly models up to 1996), it cannot be reprogrammed.

Models produced in the period 1996-2000 can be chipped, only in this case some software is not used, but the main microcircuit is simply installed with different settings instead of the standard one.

All models that have rolled off the assembly lines since 2000 can be upgraded by reprogramming the control unit. To do this, you need to use special equipment, which is loaded with non-standard software suitable for a particular car.

Carrying out chip tuning, many motorists count on a radical improvement in all parameters of their car, but this directly depends on the type of power unit and car model. With proper tuning with the help of engine chipping, you can achieve a power increase in the range of 3-30 percent.

No computer program is capable of adding 50 percent power to the motor if no changes are made to the technical part of the unit. If such improvements could be made, then the 100% engine service life would be sharply reduced. If the motor does not break down, then the transmission will fail, because it is designed only for a certain load.

Also, the maximum growth without critical damage to the motor is influenced by the potential laid down by the manufacturer. So, most modern companies reduce the performance of the motor by about 10%. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve an increase in this parameter exclusively by the program, say, by 20%.

If the engine runs without a turbine, then chip tuning will increase the unit's performance by about 7 percent. On turbocharged engines, the increase can be more significant - up to 30%, and then in combination with some modernization. But in most cases, this increase in power is hardly noticeable.

How to determine if a car has increased its power?

The most common way to determine this is to measure the overclocking speed before chipping and after upgrading. But these results are the most inaccurate. It is almost impossible to achieve identical overclocking conditions. This is influenced by the weather, road conditions, air temperature, humidity, even the amount of fuel in the tank.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

To determine exactly how much the motor performance parameters have improved after chipping, you need to drive the car to a special stand. This device spins the motor up to maximum speed, at which the unit no longer accelerates the rotation of the wheels, and does not slow down the stand rollers.

Moreover, this procedure must be done both before and after the upgrade. Unfortunately, this procedure is not cheap. On average, to get just one figure for one measurement, you will have to spend $ 50-100.

A more budgetary option is to install special devices that determine the acceleration time of a car. In order not to buy a new device for about $ 370, you can rent it from a car service that provides a similar service. It is recommended to measure the acceleration speed in order to protect against unscrupulous chip tuning masters.

How much does chip tuning cost?

Chipovka prices vary in a fairly wide range. If you entrust the work to the garage foreman, you can get off with a hundred dollars. Specialized services that approach the process more systematically and thoughtfully can request more than one thousand dollars. For this money, they will conduct preliminary diagnostics and subsequent tests of the car, preventing breakdowns and increased engine wear.

It is also worth noting that some authorized dealers also offer auto chipovka. However, it is too superficial, and consists in adjusting only a few ECU parameters and does not give the driver tangible results. But the cost of such a service will be very high.

Note that you can chip the car yourself by downloading the appropriate software from the Internet. Although it will be free, it is very dangerous for the engine, since the reliability of such software is a big question.

What happens to the dealer's warranty

When the factory software is flashed, this is revealed in rare cases. During routine maintenance, the dealer does not scan the software for tampering. The main attention is paid to the technical part - changing oils and filters, checking the main car systems. In some steps, the ECU errors are reset.

If the dealer notices that non-standard software has been installed, then it is changed to the factory one. Changing software settings is not a reason for denial of service. What's more, some car dealers offer updated firmware themselves.

Chip tuning what it is and what it is eaten with

If there is a concern that the official representative may refuse to service the warranty car, then you can go for a little trick. Before going to the service center, some motorists install back the factory software.

DIY chip tuning

The only time when you can perform chip tuning yourself if you have experience in carrying out such work and the appropriate equipment. Otherwise, in no case should you do such an upgrade yourself, if we are not talking about installing an optimization module.

If you still have confidence in your abilities, first of all you need to select the software that is suitable for a specific car model (even the year and month of release is important). You can try your luck on the old control unit, which is planned to be replaced in the near future. The reason is that clumsy software can easily break the ECU.

The "donor" control unit will also help you get the hang of working with the software. This makes it easier to "painlessly" delve into the whole process of chip tuning. You can also experiment with syncing new software on it.

Features of modernization of different car brands

Naturally, each car model has its own distinctive features of the control unit programming procedure. The choice of a new firmware is influenced by which standard program is used. The ideal alignment is the choice of a program that is created by a company specializing in tuning these cars.

For example, noteworthy programs for chip tuning of Audi models are the variants developed by AVT. If you need to chip BMW, then you should pay attention to the products of Alpina. By the way, the Bavarian brand itself offers tuning packages for its customers. If a premium car is being purchased, many companies offer such option packages. For example, Mercedes-Benz offers its customers software from AMG.

World-renowned companies are not engaged in the modernization of domestic models. Therefore, if there is a desire to pump your "swallow", then first of all you need to clarify what kind of experience a particular master has in tuning this model, as well as read customer reviews and their recommendations.

Mythology

There are several myths about chip tuning:

  • Myth-1 - some people believe that chipping means installing another chip in the control unit. In fact, the program that controls the operation of the motor and other related systems is changing. No physical changes are made;
  • Myth-2 - after reflashing, fuel consumption becomes higher. In reality, everything depends on the software. Some programs actually increase the "gluttony" of the engine, but at the same time its power increases by increasing the permissible speed and other parameters. Most of the programs optimize the operation of the internal combustion engine so that, on the contrary, it consumes less fuel;
  • Myth-3 - the installed non-standard firmware “flies” and the factory settings are returned. In fact, if the control unit has been flashed, then the factory firmware itself never returns, since it is completely erased before installing the new software. The principle is similar to recording a computer flash drive - if information was once recorded, it does not go anywhere without assistance;
  • Myth-4 - after chip tuning, you can drive on fuel with a lower octane number. The octane number is directly related to the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine. Each engine has its own compression ratio, therefore, the fuel is selected precisely for this parameter. The firmware never changes the compression ratio. The higher it is, the higher the octane number should be. SJ changes only after intervention in the design of the motor;
  • Myth-5 - an increase in power in an atmospheric engine up to 30 percent. In reality, without changing the physical parameters of the internal combustion engine without turbocharging, the power increases by a maximum of 10 percent. But this also fits into the concept of "up to thirty%".

Conclusions

It is worthwhile to understand that car chipping involves a number of risks that the driver consciously takes upon himself. If you decide on this step, then it is better to contact specialized and renowned service centers. Of course, they also have no relation to manufacturing plants, but at least they have more extensive experience. Also, large companies have equipment for testing the car before and after chipping, which significantly reduces the risk of negative consequences.

Pay attention to the cost of services. Remember, chipping a car’s brains cannot be cheap. A low price tag indicates a low qualification of a specialist who only “gets his hand”.

Common questions:

What does chip tuning give? With its help, the torque and power are increased, the operation of the turbocharger is changed, the UOZ is corrected, the composition of the MTC is changed, and dips during acceleration are reduced. This procedure is also carried out with other control units, for example, automatic transmission, ABS, etc.

What is the difference between chip tuning and firmware? Chip tuning differs from the factory firmware in modified algorithms for the operation of various engine controllers and other units.

Which chip tuning is better? Better to stay on professional programs approved by the manufacturer. Poor modernization would rather ruin the unit than increase its efficiency. You need to do the procedure only with well-known specialists.

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