Car transmission
Haldex all-wheel drive clutch
Automakers are adding more and more electronic components to the device of a modern car. Such modernization and transmission of the car did not bypass. Electronics allow mechanisms and entire systems to work more accurately and respond much faster to changing operating conditions. A car equipped with all-wheel drive will necessarily have a mechanism responsible for transferring part of the torque to the secondary axle, making it the leading one. Depending on the type of vehicle and how engineers solve the problem of connecting all wheels, the transmission can be equipped with a limited-slip differential (what a differential is and how it works is described in a separate review) or a multi-plate clutch, which you can read about separately. In the description of the all-wheel drive model, the concept of a Haldex coupling may be present. She…
The device and principle of operation of a modern torque converter
The first torque converter appeared more than a hundred years ago. Having undergone many modifications and improvements, this effective method of smooth transmission of torque is now used in many areas of mechanical engineering, and the automotive industry is no exception. Driving a car has become much easier and more comfortable, since now there is no need to use the clutch pedal. The device and principle of operation of the torque converter, like everything ingenious, are very simple. The origin story The principle of transmitting torque by means of fluid recirculation between two impellers without a rigid connection was first patented by the German engineer Hermann Fettinger in 1905. Devices operating on the basis of this principle are called a fluid coupling. At that time, the development of shipbuilding required designers to find a way to gradually transfer torque from a steam engine to huge ship ...
Automatic or mechanic: which is better
When choosing a new car, the type of gearbox installed on it plays an important role. To date, all used transmissions can be divided into automatic and manual transmissions. What is each type of gearbox, what are the positive and negative characteristics? Which of these transmissions will end up being better? We will analyze these issues in the article. Mechanical: reliable and economical The manual transmission is one of the oldest types of transmissions. Here, the driver is directly involved in the choice of transmission. Gear shifting is carried out by the driver using the gear selection mechanism and synchronizers, which is why the transmission is called a manual transmission. The movement usually starts with the first gear, and subsequent gears are selected taking into account the current speed, engine speed and road ...
Robot or automatic: which box is better
If until relatively recently, motorists, when choosing a car, could only rely on automatic or mechanics, today the range of choice has expanded significantly. With the development of the automotive industry, new generation transmissions, such as a robotic gearbox and a variator, have come into use. What is the difference between a robotic gearbox and an automatic transmission, and which transmission is better (automatic or robotic) is necessary for every car buyer to know. The choice that the driver will eventually make depends on this. Automatic transmission The basis of an automatic transmission is a torque converter, a control system and the planetary gearbox itself with a set of clutches and gears. This design of the machine allows it to independently switch speeds depending on engine speed, load and driving mode. The participation of the driver is not required here. The machine is installed on cars and trucks ...
Types of automatic transmissions
The automotive industry is rapidly improving the design of the main components and assemblies, making life easier for drivers and improving the technical characteristics of vehicles. More and more modern cars are abandoning manual transmissions, leaving preference for new and more advanced transmissions: automatic, robotic and CVT. In the article, we will consider the types of gearboxes, how they differ from each other, how they work, the principle of operation and the degree of reliability. Hydraulic "automatic": a classic in its purest form The hydraulic automatic transmission is the ancestor of the world of automatic transmission, as well as their derivative. The first automatic transmissions were hydromechanical, did not have “brains”, had no more than four steps, but they did not hold reliability. Next, engineers introduce a more advanced hydraulic automatic transmission, which is also famous for its reliability, but its operation is based on reading many ...
The structure and principle of operation of the Multitronic gearbox
In order for any car to start moving, it is necessary to properly transfer the torque that the engine generates to the driving wheels of the vehicle. For this purpose, there is a transmission. The general device, as well as the principle of operation of this machine system, is discussed in another article. A couple of decades ago, most motorists didn't have that much choice: automakers offered them either manual or automatic. Today there is a wide variety of transmissions. The key element in the system is the gearbox. This unit provides the correct power take-off from the motor, and transmits rotational movements to the drive wheels. Depending on the modification of the gearbox, it can work without interrupting the power flow or with periodic disconnection / connection of the gearbox and motor for gear shifting. The most common modification...
The structure and principle of operation of the Easytronic transmission
With the release of each new generation of vehicles, manufacturers are introducing more and more innovative technologies into their products. Some of them increase the reliability of certain auto systems, others are designed to increase comfort in the process of driving a vehicle. And still others are improved in order to provide maximum active and passive safety for everyone who is in the car while driving. The transmission of the car is also subject to constant updates. Automakers are trying to improve gear shifting, the reliability of the mechanism, and also increase its working life. Among the various modifications of the gearbox, there are mechanical and automatic (the difference between automatic types of transmissions is discussed in detail in a separate article). The automatic type of gearboxes was primarily developed as an element of the comfort system, since the mechanical counterpart still does an excellent job with ...
The device and principle of operation of the overrunning clutch
The device of some mechanisms of the car includes an overrunning clutch. In particular, it is an integral element of the generator. Now let's focus on what kind of mechanism it is, on what principle it will work, what kind of breakdowns it has, and also how to choose a new clutch. What is a freewheel generator Before you figure out why this spare part is in the generator, you need to delve a little into the terminology. As the well-known Wikipedia service explains, a freewheel is a mechanism that allows you to transfer torque from one shaft to another. But if the driven shaft starts to rotate faster than the drive, the force does not flow in the opposite direction. The simplest modification of such mechanisms is used in bicycles (five mounted in the design of the rear wheel or ...
The structure and principle of operation of the Powershift transmission
To improve driving comfort, automakers are developing different systems. Among other things, much attention is paid to the transmission. Today, various concerns have developed a large number of automatic transmissions. The list includes a variator, a robot, and an automatic machine (more on what modifications a transmission can have is described in another article). In 2010, Ford introduced a new automatic transmission unit to the market, which they called Powershift. Just two years after the start of production of this gearbox, buyers of new car models began to receive complaints about the inadequate operation of the mechanism. Without going into details, the negative feedback from many users was that the operation of the gearbox was often accompanied by slippage, slow gear changes, jerks, overheating and rapid wear of the elements ...
What is the backstage in the gearbox, where is
When the car is moving, the driver controls the operation of the engine and gearbox. Cars with a manual transmission use a link through which the driver controls the gears. Next, consider the backstage device, features of repair and operation. What is a rocker in a gearbox? The backstage implies a mechanism that, through the gearshift knob, connects the rod that moves the gear fork. If the car is front-wheel drive, then the rocker is located under the hood, on top or to the side of the gearbox. If the car is rear-wheel drive, then the backstage can only be reached from the bottom. The gear selection mechanism is constantly affected by the load: vibration, through the gear shift forks and the force from the impact of the hand ...
Gearbox maintenance
For the proper operation of any car, each vehicle owner must not only monitor the appearance of malfunctions of mechanisms, but also service them in time. To facilitate the task in determining the timing of each procedure, the automaker establishes a maintenance schedule. During scheduled maintenance, all components and assemblies are checked for malfunctions. This procedure is designed to prevent emergency breakdowns of the car on the road. In the case of some mechanisms, this can lead to an accident. Consider the actions associated with the maintenance of gearboxes. Typically, vehicle maintenance falls into three categories: First maintenance. At this point, most technical fluids and filters are replaced. The tightening of fasteners on all mechanisms in which strong vibrations are formed is checked. This category also includes checkpoints.…
Purpose and principle of operation of the main automatic transmission sensors
The car's automatic transmission is controlled by an electro-hydraulic system. The process of shifting gears in an automatic transmission occurs due to the pressure of the working fluid, and the control of the operating modes and the regulation of the flow of the working fluid with the help of valves is carried out by an electronic control unit. During operation, the latter receives the necessary information from sensors that read the driver's commands, the current speed of the vehicle, the workload on the engine, as well as the temperature and pressure of the working fluid. Types and principle of operation of automatic transmission sensors The main purpose of the automatic transmission control system can be called the determination of the optimal moment at which the gear shift should occur. To do this, many parameters must be taken into account. Modern designs are equipped with a dynamic control program that allows you to select the appropriate mode depending on the operating conditions and the current driving mode of the car, determined ...
4Matic all-wheel drive system
Vehicle handling is one of the most important factors on which road safety depends. Most modern vehicles are equipped with a transmission that transmits torque to one pair of wheels (front or rear wheel drive). But the high power of some powertrains is forcing automakers to produce all-wheel drive modifications. If you transfer torque from a productive motor to one axle, the drive wheels will inevitably slip. To stabilize the car on the road and make it more reliable and safe in a sporty style of driving, it is necessary to ensure the distribution of torque to all wheels. This improves the stability and controllability of vehicles on unstable road surfaces, such as ice, mud or sand. If you correctly distribute the effort on each wheel, the car is not even afraid ...
What to choose: a robot or a variator
CVT and robot are two new and quite promising developments in the field of automatic transmissions. One is a kind of machine gun, the other is mechanics. What is better variator or robot? We will conduct a comparative description of both transmissions, determine their advantages and disadvantages and make the right choice. All about the variator device The variator is a kind of automatic transmission. It is designed to smoothly transfer torque from the engine to the wheels and steplessly change the gear ratio in a fixed range. Often in the technical documentation for the car, you can find the abbreviation CVT as a designation for the gearbox. This is the variator, translated from English - “constantly variable transmission ratio” (Continuously Variable Transmission). The main task of the variator is to ensure a smooth change in torque from the engine, ...
The device and principle of operation of the clutch drive
An important component of a car equipped with a manual transmission is the clutch. It consists directly of the clutch (basket) clutch and drive. Let us dwell in more detail on such an element as the clutch actuator, which plays an important role in the overall clutch assembly. It is when it malfunctions that the clutch loses its functionality. We will analyze the drive device, its types, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Clutch drive and its types The drive is designed for remote control of the clutch directly by the driver from the passenger compartment. Depressing the clutch pedal directly acts on the pressure plate. The following types of drive are known: mechanical; hydraulic; electrohydraulic; pneumohydraulic. The first two types are the most widespread. Trucks and buses use a pneumatic-hydraulic drive. Electrohydraulic is installed in machines with a robotic gearbox. In some vehicles, to facilitate ...
The device and principle of operation of the multi-plate friction clutch
In the description of the technical characteristics of many SUVs and some cars with different modifications of the all-wheel drive transmission, the concept of a multi-plate clutch can often be found. This friction element is part of the so-called plug-in all-wheel drive. The operation of this element allows, if necessary, to make an inactive axis the leading one. This construction is used, for example, in the xDrive system, which is described in a separate article. In addition to cars, multi-plate clutches are successfully used in various mechanical devices in which power is taken between two different mechanisms. This device is installed as a transition element, leveling and synchronizing the drives of two mechanisms. Consider the principle of operation of this device, what are the varieties, as well as their pros and cons. The principle of operation of the clutch Multi-plate friction clutches are devices that…